M2 U1 Grammar and usage Learning procedures: Activity I: lead-in 一. 现在完成时的构成形式 主动结构：
__________________________ 被动结构：
__________________________ Step I: Listen to a song and fill in the blanks I ___________ the highest mountains I  ___________  through the fields Only to be with you Only to be with you I  ___________ I  ___________ I  ___________  these city walls These city walls Only to be with you But I still  ___________  what I＇m looking for But I still  ___________  what I＇m looking for 二. 现在完成时的基本用法 1. 表示过去发生的事或刚结束的动作对现在造成的_________。

He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。

The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy. (Justin在过去失踪，但是Kelly至今仍为他的失踪感到不高兴。) The police have just finished searching the area. 2. 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到________（句中用延续性动词）。

He has lived here since 1995. 自从1995年以来，他一直住在这儿。

I have not seen Justin since last Friday night. （从上周五晚上到现在一直都没有见过Justin） 3. 表示过去曾发生过一次或_______的行为，也可以表示一种经历。

Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times. 三．常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：
1．already (多用于肯定)，yet（多用于否定、疑问），never, ever，before, several times, recently, lately, just(而just now用一般过去时)等 2．so far, up to now, how long, for+时间段，since+时间点/时间段加ago/从句(从句用一般过去时), in the past/ last +时间段，by now, by this time, these days, all these years,。

四. 现在完成时的特殊用法 1． 一些非延续性动词，如，arrive, teach, join, lose, fall, come, go, leave, buy等，其现在完成时形式不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：
他三年前买了一辆车。He has bought a car for three years. （误） He has had a car for three years. （______） He has bought a car. （正） He bought a car three years ago. （_______） 他两年前参了军。

He has joined the army for two years. （________） He has been in the army for two years.（正） He has joined the army. （正） He joined the army two years ago. （正） 2. have/has been to曾经去过某地 have/has gone to 去了某地 Jack is on holiday now. He ________________ France. (He is in France now or he is on his way to France.) Jack is back in London now. He ________________ France .(He was in France but now he has returned.) 3．一些特殊句式要用现在完成时态：
1）It/This/That is the first / second time that…that从句用现在完成时。

It is the first time that I _____________(visit) the city. This is the first time (that) I_______________(hear) him sing.　这是我第一次听他唱歌 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that I＇ve (ever) seen.。

This is the only book that he has written. 3）It is/ has +一段时间+since从句 It _______________ 3 years since I saw you. Activity III: Consolidation 1. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she there. A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain 2. Tom in the library every night over the last three months. A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working 3. In the last few years thousands of films all over the world. A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced 4. I’m sure you will do better in the test because you ______ so hard this year. A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have been studying 5. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they ____from China. A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received 6. ——I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ______on my desk? ——I put it there just now in case you needed it. A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed 7. His first novel good reviews since it came out last month. A. receives B. is receiving C. will receive D. has received 8. It is the most instructive lecture that I ________ since I came to this school. A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended 9. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _______ before leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised 10. ——We’ve spent too much money recently. ——well, it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives _______around all the time A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming Activity IV: Introduction of Present perfect continuous Tense. 一．现在完成进行时的构成：_________________ 二. 现在完成进行时的基本用法：
1. 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在_______之中。

I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.( “我”回家后一直都没睡好，现在也没睡好。) 2. 表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。

Kelly: Sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long? （凯利刚到，对方虽然不再等了，但已一直等到现在） Sally: Yes. I have been waiting for an hour. 三．常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：
for+一段时间，since+时间点，all day, all the morning, these few months等 一．用所给词的适当形式填空 1. They _______ (move) to the south in 1990 and ________ (live) there since then. 2. Eric _______ (leave) home last year and ___________ (just come) back. 3. Justin _______ (be) away from home for several days. He __________(disappear) last Friday. 4. They _____(buy) this house three years ago and they __________ (live) here since then. 5. My brother ______ (go) to see my grandpa last week. He _________ (visit) him three times this month. 二．高考链接 1.-- -Hi, Tommy, you look tired. --- I am tired. I _________the computer games all day. A. played B. had played C. have been playing D. have played 2. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I _________ before. A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had[来源:学科网ZXXK] 3. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______each other a couple of times before that. A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been ; had seen D. have been; had seen 4.---The window is dirty. ----I know. It for weeks. A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned 5. ---_______ my glasses? - -- Yes. I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen 6.I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. ? A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finished 7. My dictionary _________. I have looked for it everywhere but still________ it. A. has lost; don’t find B. is missing; don’t find C. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing; haven’t found 8. – We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. ---- What do you suppose _______ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened 9. We_________ for the bus half an hour, but it has not come yet. A. have been waiting B. have waited C. are waiting D. have been waited 10. My aunt has worked in a clinic________ 1949. A. after B. before C. till D. since 11. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 12. They________ the Summer Palace three times.[来源:Zxxk.Com] A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have gone into 13. He ________ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he_______ about thirty articles. A. has written; has written B. has been writing; wrote C. is writing; has been writing D. has been writing; has written 14. ---Do you know our town at all?　---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was　 B. have been　 C. came　 D. am coming 15. The news came as no surprise to me. I it for some time that the factory was going to shut down. A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know