国家开放大学电大《高级英语阅读(1)》《教育学》网络课形考网考作业(合集)答案 《高级英语阅读(1)》网络课答案 形考任务一（70分） Chapter 1 Exercise（分值7分） 题目1 I. Vocabulary skills（3 points） Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word on the right with the correct definition on the left. (0.5 points each) 1.the bus or subway 2.proof of completion of courses of students 3.money for students from scholarships, grants, or loans 4.formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study 5.courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places 6.the points or grade a student gets on a test 答案：
II. Reading Comprehension (4 points) Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each ) Experiencing Culture Shock A When Eliza James arrived at the University of Xian, she was excited to live in a new country, to improve her Chinese, and to experience a culture so different from her own. But soon her excitement turned to frustration as she encountered one roadblock after another. “I felt like I couldn＇t accomplish anything. My dorm room had no heat, I couldn＇t get into the classes I wanted, and every time I asked someone for help they gave me the runaround. I felt like no one was listening to me.“ Eliza met with administrators, sent letters of complaint, and even contacted the consulate in Beijing, but she got nowhere. What Eliza didn＇t realize was that her American approach to solving problems was very different from the Chinese one in which patience and negotiation skills are key. She soon learned how to solve problems within the cultural norms of Chinese society instead of forcing her own values onto those around her. “I finally feel like I fit in and that I know what I＇m doing. In fact, it＇s really fun being in a place that＇s so incredibly different from what I am accustomed to.“ B Yoshi Yamamoto is a junior at a small college outside of Boston. Although he is an honors student now, Yoshi didn＇t always have such an easy time studying in America. “Teaching methods are very different here than they are in Japan. It took me a long time to get used to learning in seminars and discussing ideas with my classmates. At first it seemed like I wasn＇t actually learning anything.“ Yoshi＇s reaction was to totally withdraw: he didn＇t participate in class discussion; he spent lots of time alone in his room, and he even skipped class on occasion. “I thought I could teach myself. Now I recognize the value of the U.S. academic system, and I am able to adapt it to my own learning style.“ C Both Eliza and Yoshi experienced what is called culture shock: psychological disorientation due to living in a new culture. For many international students, studying abroad can offer exposure to new cultures and an opportunity to study new fields and languages. However, it also offers the greater challenge of trying to function in a foreign culture. Studying and reading about a certain culture is poor preparation for the reality of living in it. According to psychological studies, the four stages of culture shock are 1. euphoria, 2. hostility, 3. gradual adjustment, and 4. adaptation. Culture shock can be manifested in many ways: homesickness, boredom, stereotyping of or hostility towards the host culture, overeating or overdrinking, withdrawal, and inability to work effectively. D Different people experience different levels of culture shock and react in different ways. For example, Eliza got angry while Yoshi withdrew from society. The most important thing to remember is that culture shock is normal; it is not something to be ashamed of. Luckily, there are some things international students can do to make their adjustment to a new country go more smoothly. For instance, they can stay in touch with family and friends from home, join international student organizations, meet people from their own countries, and get involved in campus activities. Most importantly, they can adjust to life abroad by keeping a sense of humor and trying to remain positive. Recognizing Paragraph Topics（choose the paragraph letter） 题目2 7. an explanation of culture shock 选择一项：
A. A B. B C. C D. D 题目3 8. ways that students can adjust to living in a new country 选择一项：
A. A B. B C. C D. D 题目4 9. the experience of an international student in the United States 选择一项：
A. A B. B C. C D. D 题目5 10. the experience of an international student in China 选择一项：
A. A B. B C. C D. D Chapter 2 Exercise（分值7分） 题目1 I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points） Sometimes examples can explain the meaning of a word or phrase. For example, sun, rain, and wind are examples of kinds of weather. Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word or phrase in the first column with the examples in the second column. (0.4 points each) 1.kinds of extreme weather 2.Earth’s natural materials and gases 3. diseases or health disorders 4. seasons of the year 5. natural areas or regions of the earth 答案：
II. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B or C. (1 point each) Seasonal Affective Disorder: More than Just the Blues A Joshua dreads the winter months, not only because of the cold New England weather--the sleet, snow, wind, and rain--but because as the seasons change from summer to fall to winter, the days get shorter. As the days get shorter, he starts feeling depressed and irritable and spends more and more time at home, eating and sleeping. A graduate student in philosophy, Joshua finds that he gets little work done during the winter months and has trouble paying attention in class and concentrating on his research. “I soon realized that what I thought was just the ＇winter blues＇ was something more extreme than that.“ Josh visited a doctor who diagnosed him with SAD. B Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a kind of depression that occurs seasonally. It is associated with the long hours of darkness and lack of sunlight during the winter months (people with SAD usually feel worse from December through February). Scientists don＇t completely understand the exact causes of SAD, but they believe it is related to a biochemical imbalance in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the basic part of the brain that controls the body＇s breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release. The effects of SAD include moodiness, irritability, low energy, increased appetite for carbohydrates (foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread), difficulty concentrating, and the tendency to oversleep. C Although doctors described SAD for the first time in 1984, humans have probably dealt with the disorder for thousands of years. It is not a coincidence that many cultures have important celebrations during the short days of the winter months. Christmas, Hanukkah, and Winter Solstice celebrations all occur in December. These celebrations involve lighting candles in order to bring light, warmth, and happiness to an otherwise depressing time of year. D So what can SAD sufferers do to feel better? Naturally, they need more light. For people who have mild cases of SAD, exercising in the morning sun could be enough to help them. Phototherapy, or light therapy, is usually prescribed for people who have more serious cases of the disorder. In light therapy, patients sit in front of a light box, a strong artificial light, for up to four hours a day. Phototherapy is effective in over 80% of SAD cases, and patients usually see results within three to four days. Although the symptoms of SAD are similar to those of clinical depression, traditional antidepressants have not proven useful in treating SAD. While psychological counseling cannot treat the symptoms of SAD, it is recommended to help SAD sufferers learn to accept and deal with their illness. 题目2 6. Joshua starts feeling depressed and irritable in the winter because 选择一项：
A. he gets little work done B. he suffers from Seasonal Affective Disorder C. he is a graduate student in philosophy 题目3 7. Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a condition that researchers believe affects people during the winter months. Scientists believe it is caused by 选择一项：
A. breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release B. moodiness, irritability, loss of energy, increased appetite, difficulty concentrating, and sleepiness C. lack of sunlight and a biochemical imbalance in the brain 题目4 8. Humans have probably struggled with SAD since 选择一项：
A. ancient times B. December C. 1984 题目5 9. People who suffer from SAD can to feel better. 选择一项：
A. do light therapy B. take antidepressant drugs C. eat carbohydrates 题目6 10. This passage talks about_____. 选择一项：
A. what the SAD effects are B. Both A and B. C. how to help SAD suffers Chapter 3 Exercise（分值7分） I. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each ) Fast food can be good food Many people are too busy to prepare and eat three nutritious meals a day.so they turn to the convenience of fast-food restaurants. Many of the items at fast-food restaurants, snack bars, and food stands are fattening and not very nutritious.But fast food doesn’t have to be unhealthy.you can eat at fast-food restaurants and still eat well. Pay Attention to Calories and Fat Content By paying attention to the number of calories and fat that a food item has ,you can make smarter choices.Calories are “units for measuring how much energy a food will produce”.condsider two fast-food meals. A quarter-pound hamburger with cheese, jumbo-size fries,and a 16-ounce soda have a total of 1,535 calories and 76 grams of fat .a broiled (cooked under direct heat or over a flame )chicken sandwich ,a side salad with low-fat dressing,and a glass of water at the same fast-food restaurant have only 422 calories and 7 grams of fat .but maybe you really want a hamburger and fries .well,you can have a small hamburger,a small serving of fries,and a glass of water.At a total of 490 calories and 20 grams of fat,that’s still a much smarter choice than the large burger ,fries,and 20 grams of fat ,that’s still a much smarter choice than the large burger,fries,and sada. There’s More That You Can Do There are a few additional things you can do to make sure you eat well in fast food restaurantS.First of all,say “no” when the cashier asks you if you want to “supersize” you meal (order an extra large portion of each item).Second, ask for no mayonnaise or sauce,or ask for it on the side (in a separate dish).Third,substitute(use something instead of something else)healthy foods for fatty ones. For example,instead of ordering deep-fried tempura,order fresh vegetables.Instead of ordering a beef burrito with lots of cheese and sour cream,order a vegetable burrito with beans and rice.and don’t eat the chips!Another thing you can do is order a side salad or a vegetable soup and eat it first.That way,you will eat some vegetables,and you won’t be able to eat as much of your burger and fries.Fnally,eat slowly and stop eating when you’re full. It sounds simple,but many people keep eating even after they become full. 题目1 1.What is the main idea of this article ?________ 选择一项：
A. It’s smart to eat foods with low calories and fat content. B. Fast food is always bad for you . C. You can eat well in fast-food restaurant D. Fast-food restaurants are the best the place to find healthy foods . 题目2 2.A small hamburger and small firies has __________ 选择一项：
A. more calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad. B. the same amount of calories and fat as a chicken sandwich and a salad. C. fewer calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad. D. the same amount of calories and fat as a large portion of fries. 题目3 3.Some things you can do to eat well in fast-food restaurants are________ 选择一项：
A. ask for eatra manyonnaise and sauce and say no to “surpersizing” . B. order a vegetable burrito instead of chips and eat sour cream . C. order smaller portions and eat all the food you order. D. order healthy foods instead of fatty ones and drink water. 题目4 4.Manyonnaise and sauces probably_________ 选择一项：
A. make you eat less because they make you feel full sooner. B. make you eat more because they make your food taste better. C. have a lot of fat and calories. D. don’t have a lot of fat and calories. 题目5 5. By eating a salad or soup before the rest of your meal,_______ 选择一项：
A. you eat less of the rest of your meal. B. you eat more slowly. C. you get full sooner. D. you eat the rest of your meal more quickly. II. Vocabulary skills（2 points） Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. (0.4 points each) 题目6 changes damaging losing global available The growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people of various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are 6 damaging health in the industrialized island country of Japan. Instead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables, the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products, and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dish full of chocolate, cheese, and sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such 7 changes in eating habits are related to a great increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes. On the other hand, the changing 8 global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in the CzechRepublic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy products financially, so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables are becoming more widely 9 available from private markets and stands. Cooks are even serving salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating healthier home-cooked meals. For these reasons, fewer Czech men are having heart attacks, the women are 10 losing a lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives. Chapter 4 Exercise（分值7分 I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points） 题目1 Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (0.4 points each) 1.make sense 2.pedestrians 3.vehicle 4.teenager 5.fine 答案：
II. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each) These days, it’s getting easier and easier to find your way around. Some people have GPS devices in their cars to make sure they don’t get lost. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. These devices use satellites in space to “see” where you are and give you directions to where you want to go. And if you don’t have a GPS device, you can simply go online to get step-by-step directions. Websites like MapQuest.com and mappoint.msn.com can produce a map and directions in just a few seconds. But how do they do it? MapQuest® uses data (information) from a few different sources to produce directions and maps. Before MapQuest® went online, it sold regular paper maps in places like gas stations. The website uses the data from those paper maps, information from digital mapping companies, and government databases. At the moment, MapQuest® uses more than 30 computers to read all this data and provides users with millions of maps every day. In order to find the best route (way or path) from one place to another, MapQuest® first has to look at all possible routes. Then MapQuest® looks at each part of each possible route. It considers the types of roads on the different routes. Are they dirt roads, paved roads, freeways, or city streets? It looks at how many turns there are in each route and what kinds of turns they are. Are they right turns or left turns? It also considers the speed limit on each road and how many intersections there are. An intersection is “a place where two or more roads cross each other”. MapQuest® can also tell you how long your trip will take you. It does this by doing some math. MapQuest® bases its estimated driving times on the length and speed limit of each part of the route and the amount of time it probably takes to get through each intersection. For example, it allows more time for a left turn at an intersection than it does for a right turn. Someday, maybe we will have cars that can just drive us wherever we want to go, but for now, mapping websites make it a little harder to get lost. 题目2 6.What is the main idea of this article? 选择一项：
A. Why mapping websites don’t work well. B. Why mapping websites are better than paper maps. C. How mapping websites work. D. How the first mapping website started. 题目3 7.According to the article, MapQuest®______ 选择一项：
A. started as maker of government databases. B. started as an Internet company. C. uses millions of computers to read data. D. starting by selling paper maps. 题目4 8.When you search for directions, the first thing MapQuest® does is_______ 选择一项：
A. consider how many turns you want to take. B. print out a map and directions. C. estimate driving time. D. look at all possible paths. 题目5 9.When it’s deciding on the best route, MapQuest® probably chooses ________ 选择一项：
A. the route with the most turns. B. dirt roads instead of paved roads. C. freeways instead of dirt roads. D. city streets instead of freeways. 题目6 10. To estimate your driving time, MapQuest® considers _________ 选择一项：
A. the distance between turns on your route. B. the speed limit for half of the route. C. the fastest and slowest speed limits on your route. D. the speed limits and types of turns on your route. Chapter 5 Exercise（分值7分） I. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Read the five main-idea questions that follow about the information in the reading. Three details correctly answer each question. Cross out the untrue, unrelated detail. (1 point each ) 题目1 1. What are the definitions of the two main types of families? 选择一项：
A. Human beings lived in loosely-related groups. Each group had a common ancestor long time ago. B. The nuclear family consists of two parents and their biological or adopted children. C. The extended family may include grandparents, parents, children and relatives living together on the same street or in the same area. D. The nuclear family is the same as the extended family. 题目2 2. What are the reasons for the changes in the structure of the family? 选择一项：
A. The divorce rate went down and the birthrate began to rise in the early 1900s in the United States. B. Couples did not want many children then. C. In the early 1900s in the United States, the divorce rated went down and the birthrate went down. D. At that time, couples were staying married for few years. 题目3 3. What happened to families in industrialized countries in the 1930s and 1940s? 选择一项：
A. Before and during World War II, families faced few financial problems and women didn’t have to work away from home. B. Men were at war, so women had to work outside the home. C. Before and during World War II, families had problems. D. Families had serious financial problems during World War II. 题目4 4. What changes will happen to family structure during the next decades? 选择一项：
A. Divorces would be fewer, mothers would stay at home after the war. B. Children began living at home longer. C. After the war, family structure changed back. D. After the war, there were more divorces and fewer stay-home-mothers. 题目5 5. What will families be like in the future? 选择一项：
A. Many people want the traditional two-parent family back. B. Two-parent family will probably come back and all other family forms will end. C. Unmarried parents with adopted or foster children, and one-person households. D. There may be more single-parent families. II. Vocabulary Skills（2 points） Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0.4 points each) 题目6 living extended category typical believe The Family of the Future Many people today would like the traditional two-parent family back—that is to say, they want a man and a woman to marry for life; they also think the man should sport the family and the woman should stay home with the children. However, few families now fall into this 6 category In fact, if more women decide to have children on their own, the single-parent household may become more 7 typical than the traditional family in many countries. Also, unmarried couples may decided to have more children—or they might take in foster children or adopt. And because people are staying single and 8 living longer (often as widows), there may be more one-person households in the future. On the other hand, some people 9 believe similar events happen again and again in history. If this is true, people may go back to the traditional 10 extended or nuclear family of the past. Others think the only certainty in history is changing: in other words, the structure of the future family could begin to change faster and faster—and in more and more ways. Chapter 6 Exercise（分值7分） I. Vocabulary skills（2 points） Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. （0.4 points each） 题目1 1. Some examples of the architecture of old Europe are the magnificent cathedrals and castles. The design and building styles of modern architecture are excellent too. What does the noun architecture mean in these sentences? 选择一项：
A. the place with significant civilization everywhere B. people that study the culture of old Europe and other societies C. the art and science of designing the study of classical literature D. the form and plan of buildings and other structures 题目2 2. Perhaps the real beginning of civilization—with its scientific and technological discoveries and inventions—was in the Middle East and Africa. Over five thousand years ago, those ancient civilizations had astronomy, mathematics, medicine, government, and so on. Which word is a synonym of the word civilization? 选择一项：
A. technology B. cathedral C. culture D. astronomy 题目3 3. The cultural legacy of ancient Chinese and Indian peoples included walled cities, the first governments, tools for work, and weapons for protection. odern peoples built on this legacy.What is a possible explanation of the word legacy? 选择一项：
A. ideas and achievements passed from earlier generations to modern society B. a gift of money that somebody gives to another person C. international business conducted in cities and government structures D. the state or condition of being legal; not against the law 题目4 4. “For me, the idea of ancient culture creates a contradiction in definitions,” said Karen, going against Mei’s views. “Only modern things can be part of culture.Of course, people that like classical art and music will contradict me.” What might the noun contradiction mean? 选择一项：
A. the opposition of two opinions B. wearing a Hawaiian shirt in an ancient culture C. the short forms of two words together D. to put words together 题目5 5. Because of the worldwide media—movies, TV, CDs, the Internet, newspapers, magazines—everybody knows the same information, plays the same music, and enjoys the same jokes.How might you define the phrase the media? 选择一项：
A. the combination of visual, sound, and printed ways to send ideas around the world B. communication styles include motions, gestures and facial expressions C. the tradition of being in the middle—not on the extremes of possible views D. events that appear in the daily news and that everyone knows about II.Reading Comprehension (5 points) Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for True and “F” for False. （1 point each） 题目6 Many visitors to different countries don’t realize how important it is to understand a country’s culture. Sometimes people learn this lesson by making a big cross-cultural blunder, or embarrassing mistake. In business situations, these blunders can cost a lot of money or end business relationships. 6.It is important to understand other people’s cultures before you do business with them. 选择一项：
A. F B. T 题目7 For example, one company wanted to sell toothpaste in Southeast Asia. In their advertisements, they claimed that their toothpaste whitens teeth. They didn’t understand that many of the local people chewed betel nuts to make their teeth black, and that these people thought black teeth were attractive. 7. The toothpaste company probably kept using the same advertisement in Southeast Asia. 选择一项：
A. F B. T 题目8 In another case, a car company tried to sell a car called “Matador” in a Spanish-speaking country. The company thought that it was a strong name because it means “bullfighter”. In Spanish, matador is indeed a noun meaning “bullfighter”. But it is also an adjective meaning “killing”. Imagine driving around in a car called “Killing”! 8. The car company that tried to sell a car to a Spanish-speaking country probably didn’t sell many Matador cars in that country. 选择一项：
A. F B. T 题目9 A European businessman had an important meeting with a company in Taiwan. He wanted to bring gifts for the people he was meeting with. He thought that something with his company’s logo on it would be a nice gift. So he bought some very nice pocket knives and had his company’s logo printed on them. He didn’t know that giving a knife as a gift symbolizes cutting off a friendship! 9. The European businessman probably researches new cultures before he visits them now. 选择一项：
A. T B. F 题目10 It’s very easy to make blunders like these people did. But it’s also very easy not to. Before you visit a new country, research that country’s customs and etiquette (social rules for polite behavior). You can find a lot of information online. Just go to a search engine and type in key words like “cross-cultural etiquette” or “cultural information Taiwan”. By spending a few minutes doing research, you can save yourself from a lot of embarrassment and make sure you don’t accidentally offend anyone. 10. What you can disagree with people to save yourself from making cross-cultural blunders. 选择一项：
A. T B. F Chapter 7 Exercise（分值7分） I. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for True and “F” for False on the Answer Sheet. (1 point each) 题目1 For instance, a doctor doesn’t always have time to thoroughly explain an illness. In these cases, the Internet can be a valuable resource—a place to read all about the causes, symptoms, and remedies for an illness. 1. One benefit of using the Internet as a medical resource is it has a lot of information about illnesses and diseases. 选择一项：
A. F B. T 题目2 For example, some websites claim that sniffing (smelling) a newspaper can cure nausea (the feeling of being sick to your stomach and wanting to vomit). 2. One possible remedy for nausea is drinking a lot of tea. 选择一项：
A. T B. F 题目3 Other websites suggest that a person with a cold should keep a piece of raw garlic in his or her mouth all day and bite down on it every few minutes to release the juice. People with smelly feet are told to soak their feet in tea for half an hour. 3. The websites remedies might be unpleasant or odd, but they probably will cause harm. And who knows? They might actually be unhelpful. 选择一项：
A. F B. T 题目4 An herbal remedy for helping your memory may also be a blood thinner. So if your doctor prescribed (put you on) a blood thinner and you start taking this herb without asking your doctor about it, a simple cut could be deadly; you might not be able to stop bleeding. 4. A person who is taking a prescribed drug should probably talk to the doctor before taking an herbal remedy. 选择一项：
A. F B. T 题目5 The bottom line is this: be careful when using the Internet as a health resource. Use it to find information that you can discuss with your doctor. But don’t spend a lot of money on “miracle cures”. 5. The best way to use the Internet as a medical resource is to read about your illness and discuss what you find out with your doctor. 选择一项：
A. T B. F II. Vocabulary skills（2 points） Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0.4 points each) 题目6 disease substance classification prevent figure In a small-town farm market, hundreds of elderly people drink a glass of sour dark cherry juice every day. These happy senior citizens, some of them over the age of 90, claim that the natural fruit juice cures—or at least decreases—the pain of their arthritis, a 6 disease of the joints of the aging body. It’s a folk remedy, not a proven medical therapy. Nevertheless, science is beginning to 7 figure out why sour cherry juice might work to improve the health of patients with arthritis. The secret is in the 8 substance that gives the cherries their dark red color. It belongs to a 9 classification of natural nutrients that color blueberries, strawberries, plums, and other fruits—and vegetables too. Moreover, these coloring substances may help to 10 prevent serious health disorders like heart disease and cancer. In other words, vitamins and fiber are not the only reasons to eat fruits and vegetables. “To take advantage of natural whole foods,” advise nutritionists. Chapter 8 Exercise（分值7分） I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points） Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. ( 0.4 points each) 题目1 1.At all hours, the media offer language learners “real-life” audio visual instruction and practice in aural comprehension. 选择一项：
A. hospital and health information B. understanding spoken language C. the answers to test questions D. real-life experience 题目2 2. High-quality TV programming —a good plan of shows about various fields of study—can increase people’s knowledge and improve their thinking abilities. 选择一项：
A. scientific and medical shows B. movies with good music C. academic lecture courses D. choice and organization of shows 题目3 3. Television and video provide almost everyone with good entertainment—a pleasant way to relax and spend free time at home. 选择一项：
A. amusement or pleasure B. freedom from worry and tension C. relaxation through exercise D. fun through serious study 题目4 4. Images of violence on the screen scare people, giving them terrible nightmares when they sleep. 选择一项：
A. dark, stormy weather B. bad conditions C. physical disabilities D. behavior that hurts people 题目5 5. The talk shows of “trash TV” make instant “stars” of real people with strange or immoral ideas, who tell their most personal secrets, shout angrily, and attack one another. 选择一项：
A. valuable programs B. negative effects C. shows without quality D. normal life stories II. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Complete the following sentences by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each) A Everyone makes mistakes, or so the saying goes. But have you ever heard about mistakes in Hollywood? When most people think of Hollywood, they think of blockbusters (very successful movies), high-paid actors, glitz, and glamour. But according to one Website, many Hollywood movies are full of mistakes. Some are technical errors. For instance, in a scene of the science-fiction adventure film The Matrix, when the main character steps out of his car, the viewer can clearly see the camera crew in the car window. In another scene, the same character is typing on his computer, yet the computer screen is blank. Other movie mistakes are historical. For example, the epic Gladiator, an Oscar winner, is known for having lots of historical errors. Throughout the movie, the gladiator Maximus refers to his home in Spain, and the other characters call him “the Spaniard.“ However, in 180 A.D., when the movie takes place, Spain as a country or even as a concept didn＇t exist yet. At another point in the movie, Maximus says that his homeland of Spain has “the best horses.“ But horses weren＇t brought to the Iberian Peninsula until the invasion of the Moors (North Africans) in 711 A.D, more than 500 years after the movie takes place. The historical drama Titanic, another Oscar winner, also has its share of historical blunders. The Titanic sunk in the year 1912. So why is one of the characters wearing a digital watch? In fact, movie watchers have found over 100 mistakes in The Matrix, Gladiator, and Titanic. Can you think of any errors in your favorite films? B How susceptible are you to advertising? Has a TV commercial or magazine ad ever made you buy the product that was advertised? If so, perhaps you have been subjected to subliminal advertising. Subliminal advertising is a kind of advertising that appeals to the subconscious. The word “subliminal“ comes from the Latin “sub“ meaning “lower,“ “beneath,“ or “under,“ and “limen“ meaning “threshold,“ (the level at which something begins to happen). Thus, subliminal advertising stimulates your brain at a level below conscious perception. You cannot see, hear, or perceive subliminal ads, but they may affect you just the same. There are two main types of subliminal ads. The first involves flashing messages quickly during a commercial or film. The messages appear and disappear so rapidly that the mind cannot process them consciously, but it might receive them passively, at a subconscious level. James Vicary, a market researcher, first introduced this kind of subliminal advertising in 1957 when he flashed the words “Eat Popcorn“ and “Drink Coca-Cola“ every five seconds during a movie. The messages couldn＇t be seen, yet Vicary claimed that the moviegoers＇ brains could perceive them: Coke sales went up by 18% and popcorn sales by over 50%. More recently, the same type of subliminal advertising was used in a negative ad for a political campaign. In the ad, the word “rats“ flashed up briefly during the part of the ad describing one party＇s healthcare plan. The purpose was to associate that opposing party with the negative word “rats.“ The second kind of subliminal advertising involves hiding or incorporating images into visual advertisements. A well-known example is on a package of a famous brand of cigarettes. Some say that if you look closely you can see the image of a man who is sexually aroused. In fact, a lot of subliminal advertising involves sex, coming from the idea that “sex sells.“ One media researcher claims that everything from crackers to alcohol to soda has used subliminal sexual imagery to appeal to buyers. Although studies show that consumers believe strongly in the power of subliminal ads, no one can prove the effects of subliminal advertising. Psychologists and others who study subliminal stimuli have not been able to show that subliminal advertising actually works. Many advertising researchers believe that traditional ads, in which a powerful image is used to sell a product, are more effective than subliminal advertising. All the same, it still remains a controversial topic, one that is on the mind of buyers and sellers alike. 题目6 6. What is the best title for the Paragraph A? 选择一项：
A. The Success of Hollywood: Movie Madness. B. Hollywood Bloopers: Mega Movie Mistakes. C. History or Hollywood? Hollywood Interprets Famous Historical Events. 题目7 7. What is the best title for the Paragraph B? 选择一项：
A. The Effect of Advertising on the Human Brain. B. Sex Sells: This History of Sex in Advertising. C. Subliminal Advertising: What Is It? Does It Work? 题目8 8.The Moors invaded Spain ______ the movie Gladiator takes place. 选择一项：
A. before B. after C. since 题目9 9. Another word for mistake is ______. 选择一项：
A. error B. blunder C. A and B 题目10 10.The subconscious is the part of the brain that _______. 选择一项：
A. passively notices and remembers information B. actively notices and remembers information C. does not notice or remember information Chapter 9 Exercise（分值7分） I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points） 题目1 Which of the words below contain a prefix with a negative meaning? Choose N. Choose X for the words without negative meanings. ( 0.4 points each) discourage 答案 N disrespect 答案 N illustrate 答案 X instant 答案 X illegal 答案 N II. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each) Meeting the Perfect Mate What is the best way to meet the perfect husband or wife? I am continuing to interview students on campus trying to answer this question for my sociology class. So far, people have mentioned arranged matches, discos and bars, computer dating services, and personal ads. One guy even said he thought supermarkets were the best places to meet women. I guess you can talk a lot about a head of lettuce! I decided to go to the school cafeteria to interview some people there. “I think date cafés are the best way to meet people,“ said my friend Rahul. “Date cafés? What＇s that?“ I asked. “Well, a date café is both a café and a dating service. You go to the café, order a cup of coffee or whatever you want, and look through people＇s profiles. Then, if someone interests you, you can send him or her an email and arrange a date at the café. You can also fill out your own profile and have people email you. The form asks you about everything from looks, to interests, to religion. The date café is a relaxed way to make contacts.“ “Are there many of them around?“ I asked. “Hmm. Well, there＇s one near campus called Drip. In fact, I had a Drip date just last week,“ said Rahul. “Drip! But isn＇t that a word that＇s used to describe someone who is dull and boring? It doesn＇t sound too promising.“ “Yeah, well it＇s funny you say that, because my date was pretty uninteresting. She barely talked at all, and she kept looking down at her coffee mug.“ “Well, what about a mail order bride?“ said Rahul＇s roommate, Joni. “A what?“ I asked. “A mail order bride. You know, you search for your wife in a catalog and the next thing you know you＇re married. With the Internet it＇s easier than ever,“ she said. “Ugh, that sounds awful.“ I said. “Have you ever met anyone who has done that?“ “Yes, my uncle did it. His marriage ended a year later. The truth is, I＇m against it. Usually the women come from poor countries and don＇t know what they＇re getting into. My uncle＇s wife had a really hard time adjusting and went back to her country as soon as they split up.“ “I think mail order is out. Any other suggestions?“ “I find that meeting people through classes or extracurricular activities is a good idea,“ said Michelle. “For instance, I signed up for a Japanese cooking class, both because I like Japanese food, and because I thought I might meet someone nice with similar interests.“ “And did you?“ “Yeah, I made lots of friends: Sumi, Katrina, Mariah...no guys, though. The class was 90% women. In fact, now that you mention it, the same thing happened with the salsa class, the pottery class and my Tai Chi class. I met a lot of nice women, but I definitely did not find the man of my dreams.“ Last I interviewed a couple in the library. “Friends“ they said. “We met through friends. It＇s the best way to find the perfect mate.“ “Really,“ I said. “And why is that?“ “Well, your friends usually know what you like. And also, you know the person is someone you can trust, not like meeting someone in a bar or a supermarket. For instance, we met because Chris＇s lab partner thought we would really get along.“ “Yeah, Scott and I met, and I immediately liked him. I emailed him and it took him three months to email me back!“ “Well, I＇m a little shy, but it eventually worked. Here we are, a year later and still together.“ “Well that＇s the best story I＇ve heard yet, “ I said. But if I＇ve learned one thing in this study, it＇s that meeting someone special, no matter how you do it, is difficult.“ 题目2 6.If you interview someone, you __. 选择一项：
A. ask him/her a lot of questions B. ask him/her to fill out a form 题目3 7. A person＇s profile probably __. 选择一项：
A. shows a picture of the person B. tells something about the person 题目4 8. A drip is __. 选择一项：
A. a kind of computer dating service B. a dull, boring person 题目5 9. If something is awful, it＇s __. 选择一项：
A. interesting and unusual B. unpleasant and bad 题目6 10. If you and your mate split up, you __. 选择一项：
A. end your relationship B. get engaged Chapter 10 Exercise（分值7分） I. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Choose “T” for True and “F” for False. (1 point each ) 题目1 Competition in Olympic sports is supposed to be fair. However, in judged sports, fairness is impossible. Therefore, judged sports should be banned from the Olympic games. A judged sport is any sport that requires judges to determine a winner. For example, gymnastics, figure skating, half pipe (snowboarding), and diving are all judged sports. 1.The writer believes judged sports should be eliminated from the Olympics. 选择一项：
A. T B. F 题目2 Why do I believe that judged sports should be eliminated from the Olympics? First of all, judges don’t see everything. For example, a mistake in figure skating can happen in a fraction of a second. If a judge blinks or looks away for a moment, he or she might miss the mistake and give the skater a higher score than the skater deserves. 2.One reason that judged sports should not be allowed in the Olympics is that judges can have different opinions. 选择一项：
A. T B. F 题目3 Second, two judges can disagree about which athlete gave the best performance. In sports in which the difference between gold and silver is usually a few hundredths of a point, this kind of subjectivity is unacceptable. Can anyone really say with certainty that a gymnast who receives a score of 9.825 is a better gymnast than one who scores 9.823? 3.One argument against banning judged sports from the Olympics is that people should stop arguing about it. 选择一项：
A. T B. F 题目4 A lot of people claim that judged sports are subjective and should not be allowed in the Olympics. They feel that only sports that are measured objectively for things like speed, such as swimming, track, and skiing, should be allowed because judges can’t be objective and fair. I disagree with these people. Why? I believe that no sport is 100% fair and objective. 4. The writer here believes all sports are objective. 选择一项：
A. T B. F 题目5 Some athletes may win because their equipment is better than their opponents’ equipment. For example, in the 2000 summer Olympics, some swimmers wore controversial high-tech suits. The maker of the suit claimed that the fabric could make a swimmer 3% faster. No one could prove that this was true, but they couldn’t prove that it wasn’t true either. 5. The equipment can be one reason that decides athletes’ sports scores. 选择一项：
A. T B. F 题目6 II. Vocabulary Skills（2 points） Match the following vocabulary items on left with their possible explanations on right. ( 0.4 points each) co-worker contribute promotion progress intermission 答案：
形考任务二（30分） 破冰行动（所属章：Guidelines；
分值5分；
需要教师批阅）讨论区 异国特色食谱（所属章：Chapter 3；
分值5分；
需要教师批阅）讨论区 身边的家庭模式（所属章：Chapter 5；
分值5分；
需要教师批阅）讨论区 新闻采访稿（所属章：Chapter 8；
分值5分；
需要教师批阅）互动评价 网上表现（所属章：所有章节；
分值10分；
需要教师批阅） 《教育学》网络课答案 形考任务1 一、单选题 题目1 在中国，最早把“教”与“育”连起来使用的是_____________。

选择一项：
A. 孟子的《孟子：尽心上》 恭喜你，答对啦 B. 庄子的《庄子》 C. 孔子的《论语》 D. 许慎的《说文解字》 E. 老子的《道德经》 题目2 提出“教育是生活的过程，而不是将来生活的预备。教育是经验的改造或改组”的教育家是____________。

选择一项：
A. 蔡元培 B. 卢梭 C. 陶行知 D. 斯宾塞 E. 杜威 恭喜你，答对啦 题目3 教育史上第一个设想出全面完整教育学的人，教育学的真正奠基人是_______________。

选择一项：
A. 亚里士多德 B. 柏拉图 C. 夸美纽斯 恭喜你，答对啦 D. 苏格拉底 E. 赫尔巴特 题目4 被认为是世界上第一部具有科学体系的教育学著作是____________。

选择一项：
A. 《教育论》 B. 《普通教育学》 恭喜你，答对啦 C. 《学记》 D. 《教育漫话》 E. 《大教学论》 题目5 关于教育对象，我国最早提出了有教无类主张的是______________。

选择一项：
A. 老子 B. 庄子 C. 孟子 D. 墨子 E. 孔子 恭喜你，答对啦 题目6 在教育史上，第一个把教育学建立在心理学和哲学的基础之上进行研究，从而被誉为“科学教育学的奠基人”的教育家是____________。

选择一项：
A. 洛克 B. 夸美纽斯 C. 赫尔巴特 恭喜你，答对啦 D. 杜威 E. 斯宾塞 题目7 教育现代化的核心是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 国家政策的现代化 B. 教育管理的现代化 C. 教育观念的现代化 D. 教育内容的现代化 E. 教师素质的现代化 题目8 一个国家或地区教育经费投入的多少最终是由（ ） 。

选择一项：
A. 文化传统 B. 人口结构 C. 教育的规模 D. 生产力发展水平 E. 受教育者的需求 题目9 决定教育性质的根本因素是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 政治经济制度 B. 上层建筑 C. 科学技术 D. 社会生产力 E. 文化传统 题目10 从作用对象上看，教育可以分为哪两种功能（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 教育的正功能和负功能 B. 教育的衍生功能 C. 教育的个体功能和社会功能 D. 教育基本功能 E. 教育的个体功能 题目11 一个地区的人们平均文化程度越高，人口出生率就越低，这体现了教育的（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 人口功能 B. 政治功能 C. 控制人口功能 D. 经济功能 E. 文化功能 题目12 以下对于文化传统与教育关系的述说不正确的是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 文化传统影响和制约着教育内容的选择 B. 文化传统影响和制约着教育目的的确定 C. 文化传统影响和制约着教育改革的政策 D. 文化观念影响人的教育观念 E. 文化传统直接决定着教育的性质 题目13 青少年儿童的大脑发展最迅速的时期是出生后第5个月到第11个月之间，这说明人的身心发展具有（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 个体差异性 B. 顺序性 C. 不均衡性 D. 稳定性 E. 差异性 题目14 人的发展总是受到社会的制约，这意味着（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 教育要为社会生活做准备 B. 教育要坚持社会本位的价值取向 C. 教育要充分考虑社会发展的需要 D. 教育的目的确定不应从个人出发 题目15 人类身心的成熟需要通过教育进行，通过教育人才能成长为人。这是因为人与其他哺乳动物不同，人在生理上有一个特性是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 行动受思想支配 B. 个体间可以交流经验 C. 先天成熟的本能系统 D. 有漫长的不成熟期 题目16 在皮亚杰认知发展的四个阶段中，儿童主要靠感觉和动作来认识周围世界处于什么阶段 （ ）。

选择一项：
A. 前运算阶段 B. 感知运动阶段 C. 形式运算阶段 D. 具体运算阶段 题目17 我国致力于促进普通高中发展的多样化和特色化，一方面是为了满足社会对人才的多元化的需求，另一方面是为了适应高中学生发展的（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 顺序性 B. 整体性 C. 不均衡性 D. 个体差异性 E. 稳定性 题目18 学校教育在个体发展中起到什么作用（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 个体发展的方式之一 B. 辅助作用 C. 主导作用 D. 作用很小 二、多选题 题目19 从根本上说，贯穿教育活动的基本矛盾、基本规律有____________。

选择一项或多项：
A. 教育要适应并促进社会的发展 B. 学习者与教育者的矛盾 C. 家庭教育与学校教育的矛盾 D. 教育要适应并促进人的身心发展 E. 素质教育与应试教育的矛盾 题目20 下列说法中属于陶行知生活教育思想的论点是____________ 选择一项或多项：
A. 教育即生活 B. 学校即社会 C. 生活即教育 D. 做中学 E. 社会即学校 题目21 在西方，认为教育是为未来的生活做准备的教育家有____________。

选择一项或多项：
A. 杜威 B. 斯宾塞 C. 卢梭 D. 夸美纽斯 E. 亚里士多德 题目22 教育科学有诸多的分支学科，其中在整个教育科学体系中属于基础学科的是：____________ 选择一项或多项：
A. 普通教育学 B. 外国教育史 C. 教育心理学 D. 中国教育史 E. 教育哲学 题目23 人口制约教育的发展，主要是体现在（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 人口的年龄结构 B. 人口的就业结构 C. 人口数量的多少 D. 人口迁移 E. 人口质量的高低 题目24 教育的人口功能主要体现在哪些方面（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 教育具有滞后性 B. 教育是控制人口增长的重要手段之一 C. 教育有利于人口迁移 D. 教育是提高人口素质的重要手段 E. 教育可使人口结构趋向合理 题目25 制约教育发展的规模与速度的因素有（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 政治制度 B. 人口数量与增长率 C. 人口质量 D. 人口结构 E. 生产力发展水平 题目26 政治制约教育的发展，主要体现在（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 政治制度制约教育管理体制 B. 政治制度制约受教育权 C. 政治制度制约教育的社会性质 D. 政治制度制约教育领导权 E. 政治制度制约教育宗旨和目的 题目27 学校教育在人的身心发展中起重要作用的理由（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 学校教育是唯一的教育方式 B. 学校教育具有明确的目的性和方向性 C. 学校教育具有高度的组织性、较强的计划性 D. 学校教育是特殊的实践活动 题目28 人的素质有哪些特性（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 个体性 B. 内隐性 C. 基本性 D. 稳定性 题目29 皮亚杰认为认知的过程实际上是图式的变化过程，这一过程包括（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 平衡 B. 同化 C. 图式 D. 顺应 题目30 人的素质结构可以分为哪几部分（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 人的天性 B. 人的个性化活动 C. 人的社会本性 D. 人的自然本性 三、判断题 题目31 《论语》的产生标志中国教育学的萌芽。

选择一项：
对 错 题目32 教育学是研究教育问题，揭示教育规律的科学。

选择一项：
对 错 题目33 专门的教育机构——学校产生的条件是印刷术。

选择一项：
对 错 题目34 教育是人类特有的一种社会活动，动物界没有教育。

选择一项：
对 错 题目35 社会可以制约教育的发展，而教育无法制约社会的发展。

选择一项：
对 错 题目36 现代化的教育观念是指产生于现代社会时期的教育观念。

选择一项：
对 错 题目37 教育能推进一个社会的民主化进程。

选择一项：
对 错 题目38 人的素质不是先天遗传的，完全是后天影响教育的结果，人完全是教育的产物。

选择一项：
对 错 题目39 我国古代教育思想提倡“不陵节而施”、“学不躐等”，其依据是人的身心发展具有不均衡性。

选择一项：
对 错 题目40 教育不是人类社会的独有现象，动物界中也存在。

选择一项：
对 错 形考任务2 一、单选题 题目1 我国近代完备的学制系统产生于二十世纪初的“壬寅学制”以及“（ ）”。

选择一项：
A. 钦定学堂章程 B. 壬戌学制 C. 壬戌—癸卯学制 D. 癸卯学制 E. 壬子—癸卯学制 题目2 根据《中华人民共和国教育法》（1995年），我国现行学校教育的级别体系包括（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 基础教育、职业教育、高等教育、特殊教育 B. 学前教育、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育 C. 家庭教育、学校教育、社会教育、成人教育 D. 初等教育、中等教育、高等教育、终身教育 E. 普通教育、特殊教育、专业教育、职业教育 题目3 下列属于学校教育制度内容的是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 修业年限 B. 教学大纲 C. 课程标准 D. 课程设置 E. 组织机构 题目4 教育制度中居于核心地位的是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 学校 B. 教育机构 C. 政府 D. 国家 E. 学校教育制度 题目5 从学生兴趣和需要出发，以学生活动为中心，通过亲身体验获得直接经验的课程是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 活动课程 B. 分科课程 C. 综合课程 D. 学科课程 E. 显性课程 题目6 （ ）是国家课程的基本纲领性文件，是国家对基础教育课程的基本规范和质量要求。

选择一项：
A. 课程标准 B. 课程规范 C. 课程方案 D. 课程计划 E. 课程结构 题目7 一般在课程计划实施之后关于其效果的评价是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 研究性评价 B. 决策性评价 C. 诊断性评价 D. 总结性评价 E. 形成性评价 题目8 根据各级各类学校培养目标和科学发展水平，从各门科学中选择出适合一定年龄阶段学生发展水平的知识，组成各种不同的教学科目的课程是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 显性课程 B. 综合课程 C. 分科课程 D. 活动课程 E. 学科课程 题目9 为改进现行课程计划所从事的评价活动是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 诊断性评价 B. 决策性评价 C. 研究性评价 D. 总结性评价 E. 形成性评价 题目10 自上而下由中央政府负责编制、实施和评价的课程是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 校本课程 B. 官方课程 C. 国家课程 D. 特色课程 E. 地方课程 题目11 一种双学科或多学科的课程组织模式，强调学科之间的内在联系性和相互整合的课程是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 综合课程 B. 学科课程 C. 显性课程 D. 分科课程 E. 活动课程 题目12 以学校为课程编制主体、自主开发与实施的课程是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 国家课程 B. 特色课程 C. 地方课程 D. 非官方课程 E. 校本课程 二、多选题 题目13 把满足社会需要视为教育根本价值的教育目的类型——社会本位论的代表人物是（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 涂尔干 B. 那托普 C. 孔德 D. 裴斯泰洛齐 E. 凯兴斯泰纳 题目14 教育目的是教育活动的出发点和归宿，其层次的多样性使它具有多方面的功能，其功能包括（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 衍生功能 B. 评价功能 C. 调控功能 D. 激励功能 E. 定向功能 题目15 把满足个人需要视为教育根本价值的教育目的类型——个人本位论的代表人物是（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 卢梭 B. 福禄贝尔 C. 萨特 D. 裴斯泰洛齐 E. 那托普 题目16 依据学校人才培养的层次划分，学校教育的形式体系可分为（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 中等学校 B. 幼儿园 C. 研究生院 D. 高等学校 E. 初等学校 题目17 我国现行的学校教育系统，在类别上包括（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 基础教育体系 B. 特殊教育学校系统 C. 职业技术教育体系 D. 成人继续教育体系 E. 高等教育体系 题目18 教育制度是一个国家或地区各级各类（ ）的总称。

选择一项或多项：
A. 教育系统 B. 运行规则 C. 学校系统 D. 组织的体系 E. 教育机构 题目19 依据学校人才培养的类别划分，学校教育的形式体系可分为（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 普通学校 B. 特殊教育学校 C. 业余学校 D. 职业技术学校 E. 成人学校 题目20 学校有目的、有计划实施的各门学科课程和课外活动课程是（ ） 选择一项或多项：
A. 正式课程 B. 公开课程 C. 官方课程 D. 非正式课程 E. 无形课程 题目21 下列属于隐形课程的是（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 学校建筑 B. 班级布置 C. 学科课程 D. 校园规划 E. 校规 题目22 不在课程计划中反映的、不通过正式教学进行的，对学生的知识、情感、意志、行为和价值观等方面起潜移默化作用的课程是（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 非正式课程 B. 潜在课程 C. 无形课程 D. 官方课程 E. 正式课程 题目23 按照评价的不同功能，可将课程评价分为（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 总结性评价 B. 形成性评价 C. 决策性评价 D. 研究性评价 E. 诊断性评价 题目24 显性课程也被称为（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 显露课程 B. 自发课程 C. 公开课程 D. 正式课程 E. 官方课程 题目25 隐性课程也被称为（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 潜在课程 B. 无形课程 C. 非正式课程 D. 隐蔽课程 E. 自发课程 三、判断题 题目26 在五育中，智育对应着数学、语文课，体育对应着体育课，美育对应着美术课，它们是一一对应的。

选择一项：
对 错 题目27 教育目的的“社会本位论”忽视了受教育者个人的发展，因此，我们应当坚持教育目的的“个人本位论”。

选择一项：
对 错 题目28 教育目的体现了人类发展的总体方向，可以超越国家、社会、历史而存在，不具有时代性。

选择一项：
对 错 题目29 个人全面发展的本质和核心就是个人的智力和体力尽可能广泛、充分、统一和自由发展，并在此基础上实现脑力劳动和体力劳动相结合。

选择一项：
对 错 题目30 教育目的包括教育方针，教育方针的确立必须符合教育目的。

选择一项：
对 错 题目31 马克思恩格斯多次指出，是分工造成了劳动者的片面发展，要使劳动者个人获得全面发展，就必须消灭全部分工。

选择一项：
对 错 题目32 学前教育即幼儿教育。

选择一项：
对 错 题目33 在我国，特殊教育既包括对生理和心理发展缺陷的儿童少年的教育，也包括天才教育和品德不良儿童少年的教育。

选择一项：
对 错 题目34 我国高等学校分为普通高等学校和高等职业学校两大类。

选择一项：
对 错 题目35 学科课程也称为经验课程。

选择一项：
对 错 题目36 课程是教育的核心和基础。

选择一项：
对 错 题目37 课程改革是教育改革的核心内容。

选择一项：
对 错 题目38 课程标准即教学大纲。

选择一项：
对 错 题目39 课程计划是教材编写、教学、评估和考试命题的依据，是国家管理和评价课程的基础。

选择一项：
对 错 题目40 档案袋评价是新课程改革倡导的一种重要的质性评价方法。

选择一项：
对 错 形考任务3 一、单选题 题目1 教师运用语言连贯系统地向学生传递知识的方法，属于下面哪一种教学法（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 讨论法 B. 读书指导法 C. 谈话法 D. 讲授法 E. 演示法 题目2 教师和学生在特定的环境和条件下，基于预定的课程教学目标，通过交流与互动所达成的有效果与有效益的教学，属于我国当前推崇的教学新理念中的（ ）新理念。

选择一项：
A. 体验教学 B. 对话教学 C. 实践教学 D. 有效教学 E. 反思性教学 题目3 教育的根本任务是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 学会做人 B. 增强技能 C. 传授知识 D. 学会认知 E. 教书育人 题目4 以文本为中介，引发学生对文本中蕴含的思想感情的体味或对自己生活经历的反思，从而获得对文本、内涵和自我人生的一种感受和领悟的教学新理念，属于（ ）新理念。

选择一项：
A. 体验教学 B. 对话教学 C. 有效教学 D. 反思性教学 E. 实践教学 题目5 把一定数量的学生按年龄与知识程度编成固定的班级，根据周课表和作息时间表，安排教师有计划地向全班学生上课的一种集体教学形式，就是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 个别教学 B. 现场教学 C. 小组教学 D. 班级授课制 E. 复式教学 题目6 利用或创造有教育意义的环境或情境，使受教育者在环境或情境的自主活动中不知不觉地受到深刻教育的德育方法是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 严格要求与尊重信任相结合 B. 教育影响的一致性和连续性 C. 长善救失 D. 教育和自我教育结合 E. 陶冶教育法 题目7 在德育教育中，“抑其所短，扬其所长”是( )德育原则的要求。

选择一项：
A. 长善救失 B. 知行统一 C. 教育和自我教育结合 D. 严格要求与尊重信任相结合 E. 疏通引导 题目8 通过询问解答的方式，帮助学生消除影响他们品德形成和发展的心理障碍，培养学生思想品德的方法，属于哪种德育方法（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 心理咨询法 B. 认知明理法 C. 陶冶教育法 D. 榜样示范法 E. 实际锻炼法 题目9 以下内容中不属于隐性德育内容的是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 班风 B. 德育班会 C. 宿舍文化 D. 校园环境 E. 教风 题目10 从内容的性质来看，德育内容可分为规范性的内容和（ ）的内容。

选择一项：
A. 操作性 B. 认知性 C. 选择性 D. 实践性 E. 意义性 题目11 通过对学生品德给予一定的评价来培养学生品德的德育方法是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 心理咨询法 B. 认知明理法 C. 品德评价法 D. 自我修养法 E. 榜样示范法 题目12 “严而有格，严而有方”暗含的德育原则是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 长善救失 B. 疏通引导 C. 知行统一 D. 严格要求与尊重信任相结合 E. 教育影响的一致性和连续性 题目13 在德育中坚持用正确的理论、事实和榜样等来教育学生，疏通学生思想障碍，引导学生通过自己的思考、体验和实践等不断进步，这属于（ ）的德育原则。

选择一项：
A. 严格要求与尊重信任相结合 B. 注重集体教育与个别教育相结合 C. 教育影响的一致性和连续性 D. 疏通引导 E. 长善救失 题目14 德育的实质在于（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 形成良好的校园文化 B. 尊重他人 C. 培养全面发展的人 D. 孝敬父母 E. 育德 二、多选题 题目15 对于学生的学习方式可以从不同的角度进行划分，就组织形式而言，学习方式可划分为（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 接受式学习 B. 机械学习 C. 独立学习 D. 合作学习 E. 意义学习 题目16 对于学生的学习方式可以从不同的角度进行划分，根据学习进行的形式，学习的方式可以划分为（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 意义学习 B. 接受式学习 C. 机械学习 D. 发现式学习 E. 独立学习 题目17 学校的教学内容具有如下几个特点（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 发展性 B. 时代性 C. 地方特色 D. 科学性 E. 基础性 题目18 我国当今推崇的教学新理念，除了有效教学、反思性教学外，还包括（ ）新理念。

选择一项或多项：
A. 体验教学 B. 生命化教学 C. 生成性教学 D. 实践教学 E. 对话教学 题目19 以语言传递为主的教学方法包括（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 读书指导法 B. 讨论法 C. 谈话法 D. 参观法 E. 讲授法 题目20 德育实施过程中，常用的认知明理法包括（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 通信咨询 B. 座谈讨论 C. 报告 D. 讲解 E. 谈心 题目21 下列哪些属于德育方法中的实际锻炼法（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 交往活动 B. 文体活动 C. 参观展览 D. 各种学习活动 E. 规范训练活动 题目22 以下哪些属于品德行为类目标？（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 礼仪要求 B. 生活习惯 C. 职责规范 D. 文雅健康 E. 知法懂法 题目23 德育过程的操作特性是（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 德性之教是促进“内生”之教 B. 德性之教是灌输之教 C. 德性之教是知识或技能传授之教 D. 德性之教是心灵交往之教 E. 德性之教是引发感悟之教 题目24 施加教育影响的德育原则包括（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 教育影响的一致性和连续性 B. 严格要求与尊重信任相结合 C. 疏通引导 D. 长善救失 E. 注重集体教育与个别教育相结合 题目25 引导学生自主的德育原则包括（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 长善救失 B. 教育影响的一致性和连续性 C. 严格要求与尊重信任相结合 D. 疏通引导 E. 注重集体教育与个别教育相结合 题目26 德育实施过程中，常用的品德评价法包括（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 讲解 B. 批评处罚 C. 评比 D. 操行评定 E. 表扬和奖励 题目27 促进学生品德内化的德育原则包括（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 长善救失 B. 集体教育与个别教育相结合 C. 知行统一 D. 严格要求与尊重信任相结合 E. 教育和自我教育相结合 三、判断题 题目28 学校教学的重点应放在思维和问题解决一般方法的训练上，而不应放在学科基础知识和基本技能的教学上。

选择一项：
对 错 题目29 教学模式即教学方法。

选择一项：
对 错 题目30 非指导性教学模式就是学生自主学习。

选择一项：
对 错 题目31 教学内容就是教材展现给学生的知识、观念。

选择一项：
对 错 题目32 教学就是上课。

选择一项：
对 错 题目33 德育为首，就是无论在什么时间什么情况下，无论进行什么教育，都要首先对学生进行思想道德教育。（ ） 选择一项：
对 错 题目34 陶冶教育法是指利用或创造有意义的环境或情境，给人以积极的感化或熏陶，潜移默化地培养人品德的一种方法。（ ） 选择一项：
对 错 题目35 德育过程就是学生品德形成和发展的过程。（ ） 选择一项：
对 错 题目36 学校德育就是道德教育，别无他意。（ ） 选择一项：
对 错 题目37 所谓知行统一，是指在德育过程中，既要对学生晓之以理，也要对他们导之以行，使学生形成言行一致的品格。（ ） 选择一项：
对 错 题目38 对学生进行疏通引导要注重正面事实或道理的作用，尽量不要使用负面的事实或教训。（ ） 选择一项：
对 错 题目39 就一个国家、一个社会来说,德育目标带有综合性。但实践中,由于总体目标比较笼统、抽象,所以各个学校往往要根据总体目标和本校的可能性对德育目标进行程度和水平上的再选择,提出本校(或本班)的具体德育目标。因此,就实际而言,德育目标是多种多样的。（ ） 选择一项：
对 错 题目40 学校德育活动都是有目标、有计划地开展的。（ ） 选择一项：
对 错 形考任务4 一、单选题 题目1 教师的专业素质是指( )。

选择一项：
A. 专业能力 B. 专业知识 C. 专业发展 D. 以上三项的集合 E. 专业情意 题目2 教师的权利与义务在下面的（ ）这部法律中做出了规定。

选择一项：
A. 宪法 B. 未成年人保护法 C. 教育法 D. 教师法 E. 义务教育法 题目3 教师的专业情意主要表现为（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 教育能力 B. 教育方法 C. 教学技巧 D. 教育信念 E. 教育经验 题目4 “十年树木，百年树人”体现了教师工作的（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 多重收获性 B. 示范性 C. 长期性 D. 复杂性 E. 创造性 题目5 在认知上，已经形成自己的认知结构和对世界的基本观点，是（ ）的年龄特点。

选择一项：
A. 青年期 B. 少年期 C. 成年期 D. 幼儿期 E. 儿童期 题目6 智力平常者（大多数人）的智商IQ值是（ ）之间。

选择一项：
A. 120-140 B. 110-120 C. 低于80 D. 90-110 E. 大于140 题目7 在情绪控制上，由以冲动为主向以自制为主发展，属于（ ）的年龄特点。

选择一项：
A. 成年期 B. 儿童期 C. 幼儿期 D. 青年期 E. 少年期 题目8 把学生的健康和体质增强作为主要任务，是针对（ ）时期学生提出的教育重点。

选择一项：
A. 幼儿期 B. 婴儿期 C. 青年期 D. 少年期 E. 童年期 题目9 一个人接受教育的黄金期，是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 婴儿期 B. 幼儿期 C. 童年期 D. 青年期 E. 少年期 题目10 心理学家所说的“心理断乳期”指的是人的身心发展的（ ）时期。

选择一项：
A. 青年期 B. 童年期 C. 婴儿期 D. 少年期 E. 幼儿期 题目11 引导学生学会与异性交往，正确处理恋爱与学习的关系，是（ ）阶段要面对的教育问题。

选择一项：
A. 青年期 B. 成年期 C. 儿童期 D. 幼儿期 E. 少年期 题目12 （ ）也是学校的民主管理机构，但最后的决策行为，则由校长采取。

选择一项：
A. 家长会 B. 校长办公会 C. 党支部会议 D. 校务委员会 题目13 学校管理以（ ）为出发点和归宿。

选择一项：
A. 教育目的 B. 教师培养 C. 班级管理 D. 教学管理 题目14 学校财务管理的主要任务是（ ）。

选择一项：
A. 购买好书籍 B. 购买好各种设备 C. 多给教师发奖金 D. 合理编制学校预算 题目15 学校管理工作首先必须有坚定、正确的政治方向，必须坚持党的领导，坚持四项基本原则，坚持“教育必须为社会主义建设服务”和“三个面向”的教育方针和政策。这是（ ）原则。

选择一项：
A. 有效性原则 B. 民主性原则 C. 导向性原则 D. 整体性原则 二、多选题 题目16 教师专业知识中“怎么教”的知识包括（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 广博的文化知识 B. 有关教育的知识 C. 任教学科的专业知识 D. 学科教学方法知识 E. 关于儿童的知识 题目17 教师职业的作用有（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 解放社会生产力的作用 B. 促进人类文明交往 C. 传播人类科学文化知识的桥梁和纽带作用 D. 传播主流文化、意识和道德价值的作用 E. 对个体的潜能和智力培养的奠基作用 题目18 具有信息时代特征的教师职业形象有（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 伴奏者 B. 协助者 C. 促进者 D. 领导者 E. 独奏者 题目19 具有农业社会和工业社会特性的教师职业形象有( )。

选择一项或多项：
A. 园丁 B. 临床医生 C. 促进者 D. 工程师 E. 领导者 题目20 下列属于非智力因素的是（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 兴趣 B. 性格 C. 情感 D. 意志 E. 动机 题目21 我国宪法和法律规定的青少年儿童的合法权利包括( )。

选择一项或多项：
A. 生存和安全的权利 B. 人身自由的权利 C. 受教育的权利 D. 受尊重的权利 E. 不受歧视的权利 题目22 《儿童权利公约》提出了儿童权利保护的原则有（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 尊重儿童观点和意见原则 B. 无歧视原则 C. 儿童利益最佳原则 D. 尊重儿童尊严原则 E. 受教育权利的原则 题目23 《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》提出了保护未成年人应该遵循的原则有（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 尊重未成年人的人格尊严 B. 儿童利益最佳 C. 教育和保护相结合 D. 保障未成年人的合法权益 E. 适应未成年人身心发展的特点 题目24 童年期的教育重点是（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 正面鼓励为主，锻炼意志品质 B. 加强对学生道德品质培养 C. 把学生的健康和体质增强作为主要任务 D. 开展丰富的集体活动 E. 注重对学生独立意识的培养 题目25 教师继续教育，是对取得教师资格的在职教师进行以提高政治思想、师德修养、教育理论、教育教学能力为主要目标的培训，主要包括（ ）等类别。

选择一项或多项：
A. 校长培训 B. 教师职务培训 C. 骨干教师培训 D. 新教师见习期培训 题目26 教学管理是教育行政部门与学校共同的职责。教学管理主要包括（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 教务管理 B. 课程评价 C. 教材购买 D. 课程管理 题目27 学校教育人事管理中最重要的就是对教师所进行的管理。其内容主要包括（ ）。

选择一项或多项：
A. 教师考核管理 B. 教师法的制定 C. 教师资格管理 D. 教师聘任管理 题目28 目前得到共识和认可的学校管理原则主要有以下（ ）原则。

选择一项或多项：
A. 整体性原则 B. 规范性原则和有效性原则 C. 导向性原则 D. 民主性原则和科学性原则 三、判断题 题目29 对于教师来说，文凭是必要的，但为了获得文凭而实学的过程中所经历的体验才是其收获的专业发展本身。

选择一项：
对 错 题目30 好老师就是能把课上好的老师。

选择一项：
对 错 题目31 班主任有义务主动与学生家长、学生所在社区联系，以期形成教育合力。

选择一项：
对 错 题目32 所有教师都有资格当班主任。

选择一项：
对 错 题目33 中学生的自制力很差，必须由教师时时看管、事事严格控制才行。

选择一项：
对 错 题目34 近代的教师中心论的代表人物是美国教育家杜威。

选择一项：
对 错 题目35 非智力因素是学生发展的重要方面，但与智力发展无关。

选择一项：
对 错 题目36 对待智力超常儿童的教育，我们要早发现、早培养。

选择一项：
对 错 题目37 学校管理的内容比较单一，主要是指教学管理。（ ） 选择一项：
对 错 题目38 校长负责制就是校长一个人说了算。（ ） 选择一项：
对 错 题目39 办学效益主要考虑社会效益，学校应充分利用有限的教育资源培养更多更好的人才，这是学校管理的基本职能。（ ） 选择一项：
对 错 题目40 一般来说，学校的教务管理主要是包括与教师相关的教学事务管理。（ ） 选择一项：
对 错