2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案完整版（卷二） Part I Writing 【题干】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. 【答案】An Impressive Activities-Visiting In order to help us students to enrich life and broaden horizon, the Student Union organized a meaningful activity on last weekend--visiting the local farm, by which we grasped much useful knowledge about agriculture. The farm we visited is located in the suburb of Beijing and far away from our school, which covers an area of 1000 square feet. Along with native foods like rice and potatoes, the farmers on the farm grow many organic vegetables, including corn, cucumbers, tomatoes and so forth. Besides, the farm breeds a host of local species such as dairy cattle, geese, chicken by modern scientific technique. One of the most impressive things for us is that by means of green farming methods, the problem of environmental pollution has been effectively alleviated. This outdoors activity has a really deep impression for us. Not only did it get us closer to the nature and relieve pressure from us, it also enhance our professional knowledge about husbandry technology. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. News 1 (1) A 9-year-old Central California boy braved strong currents and cold water to swim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back. A California television station in Fresno reported Tuesday that James Savage set a record as the youngest swimmer to make the journey to the former prison. The TV station reported that by completing the swim, the fourth-grader student from Los Banos broke a record previously held by a 10-year-old boy. James said that waves in the San Francisco Bay hitting him in the face 30 minutes into his swim made him want to give up. (2) His father said he had offered his son $100 as a reward. To encourage his struggling son, he doubled it to $200. James pushed forward, making it to Alcatraz Island and back in a little more than two hours. Alcatraz is over a mile from the mainland. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. Question 1. What did the boy from Central California do according to the report? A)He set a record be swimming to and from an island. B)He celebrated ninth birthday on a small island. C)He visited a prison located on a faraway island. D)He swam around an island near San Francisco. 答案：A Question 2. What did the father do to encourage his son? A)He doubled the reward. B)He cheered him on all the way. C)He set him an example. D)He had the event covered on TV. 答案：A News 2 On the 1st of January, new regulations will come into effect which eliminate an annual leave bonus for people who put off marrying until the age of 23 for women, and 25 for men, the South China Morning Post reports. (3) The holiday bonus was designed to encourage young people to delay getting married in line with China’s one child policy. But with that policy now being abolished, this holiday incentive is no longer necessary, the government says. In Shanghai, a young couple at a marriage registration office told the paper that they decided to register their marriage as soon as possible to take advantage of the existing policy, because an extra holiday was a big deal for them. In Beijing, one registration office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announced, rather than the usual number of between 70 and 80. (4) But one lawyer tells the paper that the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and these procedures take time, so people who are rushing to register for marriage can relax. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. Question 3: What was the purpose of the annual leave bonus in China? A)To end the one-child policy. B)To encourage late marriage. C)To increase working efficiency. D)To give people more time to travel. 答案：B Question 4: What do we learn about the new regulations? A)They will not be welcomed by young people. B)They will help to popularize early marriage. C)They will boost China’s economic growth. D)They will not com into immediate effect. 答案：D News 3 (6) Everyone loves a good house party, but the cleaning up the next morning isn’t as enjoyable. (5) Now, however, a New Zealand-based startup company aims to bring messy homes – and even splitting headaches – back to normal. The properly-named startup Morning-After Maids was launched about a month ago in Auckland by roommates Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst. Aside from cleaning up, the two will also cook breakfast and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers. Although they’re both gainfully employed, they fit cleaning jobs into their nights and weekends (which is when their service is in most demand anyway). (7) Besides being flooded with requests from across the country, Foley and Ashurst have also received requests from the US and Canada to provide services there. They are reportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. Question 5: What is the news report mainly about? A)Cleaning service in great demand all over the world. B)Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning. C)A new company to clean up the mess after parties. D)Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends. 答案：C Question 6: What is a common problem with a house party? A)It takes a lot of time to prepare. B)It leaves the house in a mess. C)It makes party goers exhausted. D)It creates noise and misconduct. 答案：B Question 7: What are Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst planning to do? A)Hire an Australian lawyer. B)Visit the U.S. and Canada. C)Settle a legal dispute. D)Expand their business. 答案：D Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Conversation 1 W: Kyle, how did your (8) driver＇s theory exam go? It was yesterday, right? M: Yes, I prepared it as much as I could, but I was so nervous since it was my second try. The people who worked at the test center were very kind, though. We had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit, and that was just what I needed. Then, after the exam, they printed out my result, but I was afraid to open it until I was outside. It was such a relief to pass. W: Congratulations! I knew you could do it! (9) I guess you underestimated how difficult it would be the first time, didn＇t you? I hear a lot of people make that mistake and go in underprepared. But good job in passing the second time. I＇m so proud of you. Now all you have to do next is your road test. Have you had any lessons yet? M: (10) Yes, thanks. I＇m so happy to be actually on the road now. I＇ve only had two driving lessons so far and my instructor is very understanding. So I＇m really enjoying it and I can＇t wait for my next session although the lessons are rather expensive. Twenty pounds an hour, and the instructor says, I＇ll need about 30 to 40 lessons in total. That＇s what--six to eight hundred pounds! (11) So this time I＇ll need to make a lot more effort and hopefully will be successful the first time. M: Well, good luck! Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Question 8. What did the man do yesterday? A)He had a driving lesson. B)He got his driver’s license. C)He took the driver’s theory exam. D)He passed the driver’s road test. 答案：C Question 9. Why did he fail the exam the first time? A)He was not well prepared. B)He did not get to the exam in time. C)He was not used to the test format. D)He did not follow the test procedure. 答案：A Question 10. What does the man say about his driving lessons? A)They are tough. B)They are costly. C)They are helpful. D)They are too short. 答案：B Question 11. What does the man hope to do next? A)Pass his road test the first time. B)Test-drive a few times on highways. C)Find an experienced driving instructor. D)Earn enough money for driving lessons. 答案：A Long conversation 2 M: Emma, I got accepted to the University of Leeds. Since you＇re going to university in England, (12) do you know how much it is for international students to study there? W: Congratulations! Yes, I believe for international students, you＇ll have to pay around 13,000 pounds a year. It＇s just a bit more than the local students. M: Ok, so that＇s about 17,000 dollars for the tuition and fees. (13) Anyway, I＇m only going to be there for a year doing my masters, so it＇s pretty good. If I stayed in the US, it＇d take two years and cost at least 50,000 dollars in tuition alone. (14) Also, I have a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds, which will be pretty awesome, the benefits of being a music genius. W: (14) Yeah, I heard you＇re a talented piano player. So you＇re doing a post-graduate degree now? I＇m still in my last year graduating next June. Finally I＇ll be done with my studies and can go on to earn in loads of money. M: Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money in that job then? W: You＇d be surprised. (15) I＇m still going to be a teacher. But the plan is to work at an international school overseas after I get a year or so of experience in England. It＇s better paid and I get to travel, which reminds me I＇m late for my class and I＇ve got some documents I need to print out first. I＇d better run. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Question 12. What does the man want to know? A)Where the woman studies. B)The acceptance rate at Leeds. C)Leeds’ tuition for international students. D)How to apply for studies at a university. 答案：C Question 13. What is the man going to do? A)Apply to an American university. B)Do research on higher education. C)Perform in a famous musical. D)Pursue postgraduate studies. 答案：D Question 14. What might qualify the man for a scholarship at Leeds University? A)His favorable recommendations. B)His outstanding musical talent. C)His academic excellence. D)His unique experience. 答案：B Question 15. What is the woman planning to do after graduation? A) Do a master’s degree. B) Settle down in England. C) Travel widely. D) Teach overseas. 答案：D Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Short passage 1 Scientists have identified thousands of known ant species around the world. And only a few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods or out in nature, there they keep other creatures in check, distribute seeds and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground. (16) A very small percentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incredibly challenging to control. They are small enough to easily slip inside your house, live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands, and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in and hard to kick out. Once they settle in, these insects start affecting your home. In addition to biting ants, other species can cause different kinds of damage. (17)Some, like carpenter ants can undermine a home structure, while others interfere with electrical units. Unfortunately our homes are very attractive to ants because they provide everything the colony needs to survive, such as food, water and shelter. So how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes? (18)Most important of all, avoid giving ants any access to food, particularly sugary food because ants have a sweet tooth. We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur and store food in airtight containers. Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as possible, and store your outside garbage in a lidded can well away from doors and windows. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. Question 16. What does the passage say about ants? A) They help farmers keep diseases in check. B) Many species remain unknown to scientists. C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans. D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies. 答案：C Question 17. What do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants? A) They are larger than many other species. B) They can cause damage to people’s homes. C) They can survive a long time without water. D) They like to form colonies in electrical units. 答案：B Question 18. What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes? A) Deny them access to any food. B) Keep doors and windows shut. C) Destroy their colonies close by. D) Refrain from eating sugary food. 答案：A Passage 2 (19) My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses, and from autoimmune diseases. We know that as we get older, it’s easier for us to get infections. So older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn’t function so well when we age. In most of our work, when we’re looking at older adults who’ve got an illness, we always have to have health controls. So we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called the ‘One Thousand Elders’. These volunteers are all 65 or over, but in good health. (20) They come to the university to provide us with blood samples, to be interviewed, and to help us carry out a whole range of research. (21) The real impact of our research is going to be on health in old age. At the moment, we’re living much longer. Life expectancy is increasing at two years for every decade. That means an extra five hours a day. I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age, and that they’re not spending time in hospital with infections, feeling unwell and being generally weak. (21) We want people to be healthy, even when they’re old. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. Question 19. What is the focus of the speaker’s research? A) The function of the human immune system. B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases. C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system. D) The change in people’s immune system as they get older. 答案：D Question 20. What are the volunteers asked to do in the research? A) Report their illnesses. B) Offer blood samples. C) Act as research assistants. D) Help to interview patients. 答案：B Question 21. What does the speaker say will be the impact of his research? A) Strengthening people’s immunity to infection. B) Better understanding patients’ immune system. C) Helping improve old people’s health conditions. D) Further reducing old patients’ medical expenses. 答案：C Passage 3 When Ted Camarda started teaching 14 years ago at Killip elementary, he didn’t know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students. (22)He noticed a couple of days after school, that a group of kids would get together to play chess. “I know how to play chess, let me go and show these kids how to do it”, he said. Now Camarda coaches the school’s chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school. (23)And this week, dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville, Tennessee to compete with about 5000 other young people at the Super Nationals of Chess. The competition only happens every four years and the last time the team went, they won the third place in the nation. Camarda says chess gives him and his students’ control. (24)The school has the highest number of kids from low income families. Police frequent the area day and night. As two months ago, a young man was shot just down the street, Camarda likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons prove valuable outside the classroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. (25)Students are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. Question 22 What did Ted Camarda notice one day after he started teaching at Killip elementary? A) His students had trouble getting on with each other. B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework. C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons. D) A group of kids were playing chess after school. 答案：D Question 23 What are dozens of students from Camarda’s school going to do this week? A) Visit a chess team in Nashville. B) Join the school’s chess team. C) Participate in a national chess competition. D) Receive training for a chess competition. 答案：C Question 24 What do we learn about the students of Killip elementary? A) Most of them come from low-income families. B) Many have become national chess champions. C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes. D) Many became chess coaches after graduation. 答案：A Question 25 What have the students learned from Camarda? A) Actions speak louder than words. B) Think twice before taking action. C) Translate their words into action. D) Take action before it gets too late. 答案：B Part Ⅲ Reading Section A The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has _____(27)from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life. In a _____(28)to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced _____(29)that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road. “Michigan＇s _____(30)in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to _____(31)our leadership in transportation. We can＇t let happen,“ says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead _____(32) of four bills recently introduced. If all four bills pass as written, they would _____(33)a substantial update of Michigan＇s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturer would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set on-demand _____(34)of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building. Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In _____(35), California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more _____(36)rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self-driving technology. 26、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.bid B.contrast C.deputy D.dominance E.fleets F.knots G.legislation H.migrated I.replace J.represent K.restrictive L.reward M.significant N.sponsor O.transmitted 【答案】H 27、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.bid B.contrast C.deputy D.dominance E.fleets F.knots G.legislation H.migrated I.replace J.represent K.restrictive L.reward M.significant N.sponsor O.transmitted 【答案】A 28、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.bid B.contrast C.deputy D.dominance E.fleets F.knots G.legislation H.migrated I.replace J.represent K.restrictive L.reward M.significant N.sponsor O.transmitted 【答案】G 29、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.bid B.contrast C.deputy D.dominance E.fleets F.knots G.legislation H.migrated I.replace J.represent K.restrictive L.reward M.significant N.sponsor O.transmitted 【答案】D 30、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.bid B.contrast C.deputy D.dominance E.fleets F.knots G.legislation H.migrated I.replace J.represent K.restrictive L.reward M.significant N.sponsor O.transmitted 【答案】I 31、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.bid B.contrast C.deputy D.dominance E.fleets F.knots G.legislation H.migrated I.replace J.represent K.restrictive L.reward M.significant N.sponsor O.transmitted 【答案】N 32、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.bid B.contrast C.deputy D.dominance E.fleets F.knots G.legislation H.migrated I.replace J.represent K.restrictive L.reward M.significant N.sponsor O.transmitted 【答案】J 33、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.bid B.contrast C.deputy D.dominance E.fleets F.knots G.legislation H.migrated I.replace J.represent K.restrictive L.reward M.significant N.sponsor O.transmitted 【答案】E 34、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.bid B.contrast C.deputy D.dominance E.fleets F.knots G.legislation H.migrated I.replace J.represent K.restrictive L.reward M.significant N.sponsor O.transmitted 【答案】B 35、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.bid B.contrast C.deputy D.dominance E.fleets F.knots G.legislation H.migrated I.replace J.represent K.restrictive L.reward M.significant N.sponsor O.transmitted 【答案】K Section B Make Stuff, Fail, And Learn While You＇re At It [A] We＇ve always been a hands-on, do-it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of America＇s founding fathers, didn＇t just invent the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more. [B] Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn＇t really an exception when it comes to American making and creativity. [C] The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, Which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members — including guys named Jobs and Wozniak — started making and inventing things they couldn＇t buy. [D] So it＇s no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren＇t tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently. [E] These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which is Dewey＇s phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn＇t look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It＇s a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what you＇re learning to do. [F] Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American Contcxt, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. It＇s not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense, by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It＇s very individualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way, then learning by doing doesn＇t really fit that mold anymore. It＇s not the world of textbooks. It＇s not the world of testing. [G] Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learning has grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based learning is not making. Although there is a connection, there is also a distinction. The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether it＇s assigned by a teacher. We＇ll all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to learn about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project-based learning. [H] I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head — or you just borrow it from someone — and begin to develop it , repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to you and you can share it with others. I＇m interested in how these things are expressions of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world. [I] In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize(使变得无足轻重)making. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrating whatever concept was in the textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the cardboard tubes. [J] Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it＇s boring. It doesn＇t have the motivation of the student. I＇m not saying that students should not learn concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to build upon their interest. It＇s to let them be in control and to drive the car. [K] Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students to do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isn＇t the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other students in the class to help get an answer. [L] The teacher＇s role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sounds like this is a diminished rote for teachers. I think it＇s a heightened role. You＇re ereating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are watching them and really it＇s the human behaviors you＇re looking at. Are they engaged? A they developing and repeating their project? Are they stumbling (受挫)? Do they need something that they don＇t have? Can you help them be aware of where they are? [M] My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it enable us to be good learners. It＇s not the knowledge that is valuable, It＇s the practice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interesting problems, more challenging problems—problems that require many people instead of one person, and many skills instead of one. [N] If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to be missing in school is how these subjects integrate, how they fit together in any meaningful way. Rather than saying, ‘This is science, over here is history,＇ I see schools taking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support children in higher level learning? [O] I feel like this is a shift away form a subject matter-based curriculum to a more experiential curriculum or learning. It＇s still in its early stages, but I think it＇s shifting around not what kids learn but how they learn. 36.【题干】A maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】E 37.【题干】The teachers＇ role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate during the process. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】L 38.【题干】Coming up with an idea of one＇s own or improving one from others is key to the concept of making. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】H 39.【题干】Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】F 40.【题干】America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】A 41.【题干】Making will be boring unless students are able to take charge. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】J 42.【题干】Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students themselves. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】G 43.【题干】The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】N 44、【题干】The maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】D 45.【题干】Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make something meaningless to them based on textbooks. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】I Section C Passage One Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. In the classic marriage vow(誓约), couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband—becomes seriously ill. “Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,“ said researcher Amelia Karraker. Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50. The researchers examined how the onset(发生)of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic(慢性的)illness onset increased over time as will, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems. “We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,“ Karraker said. “They＇re more likely to be widowed, and if they＇re the noes who become ill, they＇re more likely to get divorced.“ While the study didn＇t assess why divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving many make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses,“ Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.“ Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce. “Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,“ she said. “But it＇s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.“ 46.【题干】What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage? 【选项】 A.They may not guarantee a lasting marriage. B.They are as binding as they used to be. C.They are not taken seriously any more. D.They may help couples tide over hard times. 【答案】A 47.【题干】What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands? 【选项】 A.They are generally not good at taking care of themselves. B.They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses. C.They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives. D.They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives. 【答案】B 48.【题干】What does Karraker say about women who fall ill? 【选项】 A.They are more likely to be widowed. B.They are more likely to get divorced. C.They are less likely to receive good care. D.They are less likely to bother their spouses. 【答案】B 49.【题干】Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker? 【选项】 A.They are more accustomed to receiving care. B.They find it more important to make money for the family. C.They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations. D.They expect society to do more of the job. 【答案】A 50.【题干】What does Karraker think is also important? 【选项】 A.Reducing marital stress on wives. B.Stabilizing old couples＇s relations. C.Providing extra care for divorced women. D.Making men pay for their wives＇ health costs. 【答案】C Passage Two Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling＇s(兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less? Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive(认知的)error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names. The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the “wrong“ name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who＇s in and who＇s out of the group.“ The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender. The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person＇s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries. In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry. 51.【题干】How might people often feel when they were misnamed? 【选项】 A.Unwanted. B.Unhappy. C.Confused. D.Indifferent. 【答案】B 52.【题干】What did David Rubin＇s research find about misnaming? 【选项】 A.It is related to the way our memories work. B.It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory. C.It occurs mostly between kids and their friends. D.It often causes misunderstandings among people. 【答案】D 53.【题干】What is most likely the cause of misnaming? 【选项】 A.Similar personality traits. B.Similar spellings of names. C.Similar physical appearance. D.Similar pronunciation of names. 【答案】D 54.【题干】What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming? 【选项】 A.It more often than not hurts relationships. B.It hardly occurs across gender boundaries. C.It is most frequently found in extended families. D.It most often occurs within a relationship groups. 【答案】D 55.【题干】Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers? 【选项】 A.They suffer more frustrations. B.They become worn out more often. C.They communicate more with their children. D.They generally take on more work at home. 【答案】C Part IV Translation 【题干】灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。在唐代，人们用红灯笼来庆祝安定的生活，从那时起，灯笼在中国的许多地方流行起来。灯笼通常用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作，形状和尺寸各异。在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节、元宵节和国庆等节日期间悬挂。如今，世界上许多其他地方也能看到红灯笼。

【答案】Lanterns, which originated from the East Han Dynasty, was first used for lighting. In the Tang Dynasty, they were used to celebrate the peaceful life. From then on, lanterns have become popular in various parts of China. A lantern is usually made of thin papers of various colors, shapes and sizes. Red lanterns symbolize happy life and prosperous business in traditional Chinese culture and thus are hung up during holidays and festivals such as the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival and National Day. Today, red lanterns can be seen in many places of the world.