任务型阅读专项突破 l 知识点1任务型阅读概况 综观近年全国各地的中考试题，“任务型阅读”考查的题型主要有：阅读简答题、阅读填表题，总体上看，它由两部分构成：短文和阅读任务。

l 知识点2阅读填表式任务型阅读的题型分类 1. 信息查找，直接获取答案型 解题思路：此类题属于细节题，可以直接在原文中能够找到，问题的题干与原文大致相同，所以所需要的词不需要变换形式，可以直接从文中进行摘抄。

l 例题 例1：
原文：Some psychologists (心理学家) think that your taste in music is related to (有联系的) your personality. 题目：Your in music is related to your personality. 例2：
原文：Music tells us who we are. Music reflects the creators’ thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. 题目：Music not only reflects the social environment it came from but also expresses people’s thinking and ______ 例3：
原文：Be active and have a positive attitude (积极的态度) towards life. Develop confidence in yourself. 题目：Have an and positive attitude towards life and develop confidence in yourself. 例4：
原文：Rewrite your notes to make them more complete and accurate(准确的) by changing abbreviations into whole words, symbols into words, and shortened sentences into longer sentences. Use them to answer your questions. If neces sary, ask your teacher for help. 题目：Make your notes more complete and accurate to your questions. 例5：
原文：If students earn passing grades in the class and also pass their state driver’s exam, they can begin driving themselves to school. 题目：They can themselves to school when they are over 16 and have passed the required tests. 例6：
原文：Sometimes we work with the best of motives(动机) only to be disappointed by the result. 题目：Remembering your motives, not your 2. 信息转换，间接获取【答案】型 此类题在实际做题环节时应注意根据问题查找定位信息，但这些信息仅为线索或某种提示并非最终【答案】，一定记得加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式，方为正确【答案】。

常见的转换方式：
1)词性转换 名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类间的转化；

在初中范围内，常见的词性转换为：
A）名词变为形容词：
★加y: 直接加y: health---healthy; frost---frosty; rain---rainy; difficult—difficulty; 双写为字母加y: sun---sunny; fog---foggy; 去e加y: noise---noisy ★加ful或者less: hope---hopeful/hopeless; meaning---meaningful/meaningless; wonder---wonderful; cheer---cheerful; colour---colouful; cheer---cheerful; success---successful; end---endless; B）形容词变为副词：
★直接加ly: careful---carefully; beautiful---beautifully; bad---badly; excited---excitedly; ★以y结尾将y变为ily: angry---angrily; heavy---heavily; noisy---noisily; happy---happily; ★以le结尾将le变为ly: comfortable---comfortably; possible---possibly; simple---simply; ★去e加ly: true---truly. C）动词/形容词变为名词：
★加ment: agree—agreement; treat---treatment; advertise---advertisement; punish---punishment; improve---improvement; develop---development; ★加ion: collect---collection; donate---donation; educate---education; organize---organization; invent---invention; ★加ness: rich---richness; kind---kindness; ill---illness; ugly---ugliness; sick---sickness;sad--sadness D）动词变为形容词：
★加ed/ ing: surprise--- surprising/ surprised; excite---exciting/ excited; tire---tiring/ tired; please---pleasing(pleasant)/ pleased; l 例题 例1：
原文：Don＇t wave your hands to the waiters. Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them. But in France some bread and water will come first, then the waiters will take your order according to the rhythm(节奏) of the restaurant. Have enough patience(耐心)! 题目：Englishmen can’t be ________ enough for meals while Frenchmen can. 例2：
原文：Most teens don＇t know what their mom＇s favorite is. You do? Then, what are you waiting for? Buy her something she likes and wrap it carefully. The best time to give her that is while she is sleeping at night. Put it on the drawer next to her so that when she wakes up she＇ll be surprised to see it. 题目：Put it on a drawer next to her to give her a ________. 例3：
原文：As long as you have studied well, you will be more confident of your chance to succeed in a test. 题目：Your confidence could lead to your in the test. 例4：
原文：Self-respect is a very important part of a great life. 题目：Keeping a sense of self-respect is of great to a great life. 例5：
原文：If we look for good qualities in other people, it is easier to remember the good qualities in ourselves. 题目：Look for the good qualities in other people and we can remember ours more . 例6：
原文：Why do we need sleep? Nobody has yet can give a correct answer to this question. However, tests have shown that lack(缺少) of sleep over about four weeks leads to a strong drop in body temperature, great weight loss and finally, sickness. 题目：Why do we need sleep? Nobody can answer the question ________. 2)词意转换 词汇转换包括同义词、反义词等功能替代型转换；

初中范围内（牛津教材）出现的：
A) 在单词前加上否定前缀构成形容词的反义词：
★一般情况下，在形容词前加un: e.g.: necessary---unnecessary; welcome---unwelcome; comfortable---uncomfortable; ★几种特殊情况，需要再形容词前加in; ir; im; dis等：
e.g.: 加in-: active---inactive; correct---incorrect; 加ir-: regular---irregular; 加im-: possible---impossible; patient---impatient; polite---impolite; 加dis-: honest---dishonest; B) 常见的反义词：
cheap---expensive; long---short; same---different; hot---cold; happy---sad; fast---slow; easy---difficult; generous---selfish; modest---proud; strong---weak; hardworking---lazy; clever---silly; remember---forget. C) 常见的同义词：
happiness=joy; strong= powerful; sad= unhappy; afraid= worried; energetic= lively; calm= relaxed; influence= affect; know= realize; need= require; hope= wish l 例题 例1：
原文：Get you ready to understand new information your teacher will provide. 题目：
to understand new information. 例2：
原文：It is said that you won’t want to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue(五岳) but you won’t wish to see even wu yue after you come back from it. 题目：It is said that you won’t to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue but you won’t wish to see even wu yue after from it. 例3：
原文：Be sure to remember the following safety tips. 题目：Don’t _______ the safety tips if you find yourself in the path of a hurricane. 例4：
原文：If your mind is full of problems in the past, you will always feel ashamed and sad. 题目：Don’t let your mind filled the mistakes in the past 例5：
原文：It isn’t right to feel better by putting others down. 题目：It is to feel better by putting others down. 3)句子结构转换 语法匹配 (to, -ing, -ed, 主被动语态的转换)、连词、介词的运用、固定句型、同义句等都属于句子结构转换的内容。

l 例题：
例1：
原文：In classroom, your teachers will talk about topics that you are studying. The information they provide will be important for you to know when you take tests. So you must be able to take good written notes from what your teachers say. 题目：The information that is by the teachers about studying topics is useful for your tests, so it is necessary for you to learn take good notes. 例2：
原文：Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them. 题目：Do something to attract the attention 例3：
原文：Students must spend a lot of time learning another language. 题目：It Chinese students too much time to learn a foreign language. 3. 信息归纳题，综合概括获【答案】 根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征包括：概括性（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)、针对性（量体裁衣，大小适度)、醒目性（简洁）。

常见概括性词汇有以下几类，需要学生掌握：
原因：cause(s) / reason(s) 结果/结论：
result(s) / /conclusion(s) 目的：purpose/ aim 建议提示：
advice / suggestion(s) / tip(s) 问题：problem(s) /trouble 方式方法：method(s) /means/ way(s) / manner/ solution(s) 措施行动：measure/action 特性，特点：characteristics/ feature 好处/坏处：advantage(s)/ disadvantage(s) 主题：theme(s) / topic(s) / subject(s) 数字/数据：data/ figure(s) 种类：type(s) / kind(s) / 形势/情形：
situation(s) / condition(s)/ case(s) 重要性/意义：importance(s) / meaning(s) l 例题：
例1：
原文：There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep. First, you should have regular sleep habits. Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. You also need to make your bedroom a cool, dark, quiet place to sleep so that heat, light and noise do not disturb you. At night, you should also avoid things that contain caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea and many soft drinks, as caffeine may keep you from sleeping. 题目：The title: to improve sleep quality: Have regular sleep habits Make your bedroom cool, dark and quiet Don’t drink anything with caffeine at bedtime 例2：
原文：Nowadays in school life，a lot of students develop a fear of tests. It’s not because tests are something to be afraid of. Most students are afraid of tests mainly because they don’t have enough self-confidence and they don’t always think they are well prepared. If you follow the tips below, it’s not difficult to overcome(克服)your fear of tests. 题目：Title: to overcome your fear of tests 例3：
题目：Statistics (统计) about school kids’ not having breakfast Reasons---They stay up late at night to study and want to stay in bed for a few more minutes. ______ ----They can’t listen carefully in class. They feel sleepy all day. Suggestions----The morning meal is necessary, for it provides much energy. 例4：
原文：Music provides a kind of ability to know the world in a different way. Science explains how the sun rises and sets. Music explores the emotive meanings. We need every possible way to discover and response to our world because no one way can get it all. 题目：A way to know the world: We can’t discover and respond to our world in just one way. Science explains how nature ______. 例5：
原文：Music is a form of thought, as powerful as science. It is a way we human beings “talk” to each other. Through the language we express our feelings, our discoveries, our ideas, our imagination and our hopes so that they can be shared with others. When we do not let our children receive good music education, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses. Science does not tell us what it means to be human. Music does. 题目：Music, from science, tells us what it means to be human. l 近三年九年级上期末任务型汇编 年份/区域 主题 文章类型 2017-2018玄武 A new invention-- the Plant Lamp 科技说明文 2017-2018鼓楼 Negative Thoughts 议论文 2016-2017玄武 How to develop respect for yourself 议论文 2016-2017鼓楼 A Father’s Letter to his Child 信件 2015-2016玄武 The World is Getting Smaller 议论文 2015-2016鼓楼 Kobe—One of the Best Basketball Players 人物传记 【2017-2018学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】 Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa, a small village in Peru, South America. However, things went worse in March 2017 after heavy rains destroyed the only power cables in the area. The villagers were forced to use oil lamps, which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce. Luckily, researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima, Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution. They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil, both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies. The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb. While that may sound amazing and even impossible, the science behind the idea is quite simple. As plants create their food (using the sun’s energy, water and chemicals from the soil), they also produce waste which they return to the soil. Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons(电子). The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to get the energy and keep it in the lamp’s batteries for later use. The researchers say a single charge (电荷)can power a 50-walt LED light for two hours - enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done. The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2017. So far, they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez, the UT professor who invented the lamp, believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people, especially small rainforest communities, 42% of whom have no electricity. A new invention-- the Plant Lamp The problem in the small village The people living in Nuevo Saposoa always have much ____56______ getting electricity. However things went ____57____ for the only power cables there was destroyed by heavy rains. The villagers had to use oil lamps, ___58_____ they are expensive to use and can be bad for health. The ___59____ to solve the problem Some researchers made a new kind of lamp. It can be powered by _____60_____ objects found in the rainforest--plants and soil. The lamp takes ____61____ from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it light up an LED light bulb. The science explanation Plants create their food and produce waste which is ____62___ to the soil at the same time. Some tiny animals feed on the waste and produce electrons. The UT team can get the energy and keep it in the lamp’s batteries. The researchers say a 50-walt LED light can be powered by a single charge for local villagers to ______63____ their evening work. Conclusion Ten Plant Lamps were given to the villagers and they have been very ____64______ since then. Elmer Ramirez, the inventor of the lamp, ___65___ that Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people. 【2017-2018学年南京市鼓楼区九年级上学期期末】 In our daily life many people always have negative(消极的) thoughts. Being in a negative space is harmful to our life and study. If you keep them in mind, you will lose hope sooner or later. Let’s drive away some of the most common negative thoughts. No one cares about me. Sometimes you say that your family and friends don’t care about you. Maybe you’re being too negative and misunderstand the gestures of love they show you. They don’t even have to be big gestures, but there are many countless little things they do for you. Maybe you just pay no attention to them and take them as granted. Perhaps you think they don’t care about you so you don’t make any effort in your relationships. Start showing people you care, so they can show you back in the same way. And if you don’t have good relationships with the people you know, what’s stopping you from making new friends? Why is she better off? Comparing yourself to someone else is never positive. There’s always going to be someone who is younger, prettier, smarter, or richer than you. If you keep admiring what someone else has, then this may cause you to lose the balance in your mind, which will open a whole other negative can of worms. Remember, what they don’t have is your whole package. Be proud of what you have, because if you want to play the comparison game, remember that there are people who are also worse off than you are. I’ll never reach my goal. If you think you’re not going to be able to“get there”, think again. There are many people who are worse off and have overcome more difficulty than what you are facing. Everything is within your reach as long as you work hard and have a positive attitude.　 Title: 76 thoughts Harm ● Being in a negative space does 77 to our life and study. ● 78 them in mind will make you lose hope sooner or later. Aspects of negative thoughts ● No one 79 about me. You are too negative to 80 the gestures of love your family and friends show you. ● Why is she better off? Keeping admiring what someone else may cause the 81 of the balance in your mind. ● I’ll never reach my goal. 82 on driving away the negative thoughts ● Make an effort in your relationships and start showing people you care, so they can show you back in the same way. And if you don’t get 83 well with the people you know, what’s stopping you from making new friends? ● Be 84 of what you have, because if you want to play the comparison game, remember that there are people who are also worse off than you are. Conclusion ● Everything is 85 your reach as long as you work hard and have a positive attitude. 【2016-2017学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】 Self-respect is a very important part of a great life. Self-respect is a feeling of being happy about one’s characters, abilities and beliefs. If we are short of self-respect, we will be unsafe. Developing self-respect means developing self-confidence to deal with whatever life throws at us. The following are some ways we can improve our self-respect. There is great social stress from parents, work and society to become a certain person and to achieve certain goals. A real self-respect is important that you believe in your own values and remember what is important to you. Other people think you should behave in a certain way, but it doesn’t mean they are right. Everyone needs to follow his or her own path. Even if others don’t respect your decision, it is important that you do. Nobody likes criticism(批评). To keep a sense of self-respect, we need to learn how to deal with criticism. Don’t take criticism personally. Don’t get sad by the things other people say or do. Maybe it is completely untrue, so pay no attention to it. If there is some truth, we can use it to develop our characters. However, it is important not to take criticism too personally. Jealousy(嫉妒) of other people’s success is a common way of losing our happiness and self-respect. Jealousy is simply envy of other people’s success. We feel unhappy when we cannot enjoy their success. The truth is that there will always be some people more successful than us. The method for lasting self-respect is to be happy with others’ success. If you have no respect for others, how can you have self-respect? It isn’t right to feel better by putting others down. If we look for good qualities in other people, it is easier to remember the good qualities in ourselves. Forgive others and yourself. Don’t live in the past, but move on from the past mistakes and difficult situations. If your mind is full of problems in the past, you will always feel ashamed and sad. Self-respect comes when we value our attitude towards life and other people. Sometimes we work with the best of motives(动机) only to be disappointed by the result. It is the nature of life that things will not turn out as we hoped, but it is a mistake to link our sense of self-respect to the achievement of targets. Title How to develop respect for yourself Theme Keeping a sense of self-respect is of great _____56______ to a great life. Idea of self-respect Self-respect is a feeling of being happy with one’s characters, abilities and beliefs. It can make one_____57______self-confidence of dealing with all kinds of problems in one’s life. _____58______ to develop Self-respect Being true to yourself[来源:Z|xx|k.Com] Believe in your own values and _____59_____ your own path.[来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K][来源:Z#xx#k.Com] Learning to deal with criticism ●Never get_____60______ by things other people do or say. ●Pay no attention to untrue criticism and try to make progress from true criticism. Avoiding jealousy ●Jealousy will lead to the _____61______ of your happiness and self-respect. ●Learn to be _____62_____ when others become successful.. Respecting others ●It is_____63_____ to feel better by putting others down. ●Look for the good qualities in other people and we can remember ours more easily. Forgiving Move on from the past mistakes made by others or yourself. Don’t let your mind filled _____64______ the mistakes in the past. Remembering your motives, not your _____65_____. It is normal that we work with strong motives, but fail to make achievement. 【2016-2017学年南京市鼓楼区九年级上学期期末】 Dear Seth, You’re only three years old, and at this point in your life you can’t read, much less understand what I’ll tell you in this letter. But I’ve thought a lot about the life that you have ahead of you, and about my role as a dad in trying to prepare you for the difficulties that you’ll face. I hope to help you along your path by sharing some of the best of what I’ve learned. As with any advice, take it with a grain of salt. What works for me might not work for you. Life can be unkind There will be people in your life who won’t be very nice. They’ll laugh at you or try to hurt you because you’re different. There’s not much you can do about these people except to learn to deal with them, and learn to choose friends who are kind to you and who make you feel good about yourself. When you find friends like this treasure them, spend time with them and love them. Be open to life anyway Yes, you’ll find unkindness and pain in your journey through life, but don’t let that close you to new things. Don’t move back from life, don’t hide or wall yourself off. Be open to new things, new experiences, new people. Life isn’t a competition You will meet many people who will try to do better than you, in school, in college, at work. To them life is a competition. But here’s the secret: life isn’t a competition. It’s a journey. Learn to enjoy the journey and make it a journey of happiness, of continual improvement, of love. Love should be your rule If there’s a single word you should live your life by, it should be this: love. It might sound out of date I know, but trust me, there’s no better rule in life. Love not only your loved ones, but your neighbors, your co-workers, strangers, even your enemy. The person who is hardest on you, unkind to you..., love him. He is most in need of your love. And most of all, love yourself and learn to love yourself for who you are. Finally, know that I love you and always will. You are starting out on an unknown, tiring, scary, but badly wonderful journey, and always remember I will be there for you when I can. Love, Your Dad A father’s ____76____ to his child Reasons ____77____ Life can be unkind You may meet some ____78____people in your life. To learn to deal with them. To choose the right friends and ____79____ them, spend time with them and love them. Be open to life anyway There will be unkindness and pain in your ____80____ through life. Be ____81____ to new things, new experiences, new people. Life isn’t a ____82____ You will meet many people who will try to do better than you. Learn to enjoy the journey and make it a journey of ____83____, of continual improvement, of love. Love should be your rule It’s the ____84____ rule in life. Love yourself and ____85____ around you 【2015-2016学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】 Telephone, television, radio, telegraph and the Internet all help people communicate with each other. As a result, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set. News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries within hours. Help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast. How has this speed of communication changed the world? To many people, the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago, communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the ocean. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach America. This time difference influenced people’s actions. For example, one battle, or fight, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed. In the past, communication took much more time than it does now. There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today. With the help of modern technology, it’s much easier to get more information within a short time. Our lives are becoming faster and faster. Title: The World is Getting（66）__________ Theme (67)________Between people or countries is becoming much easier because of television, telephone, radio, telegraph and the Internet. Ideas and news of events spread quickly (68) _______ the world. Examples (nowadays) People can know the ___69___ of a vote that is being held in another their country within seconds. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a TV set. People from distant countries give their __70____ within hours when they know the news of a disaster like an earthquake or a flood. Examples (in the __71___) Two (72) _________ago, communication between the continents took a long time. War of New Orleans was fought __73____of this time difference. The news of peace agreement signed in England ___74___ six weeks to reach America. Conclusion People spend ___75____time getting information than they did in the past. So it’s much easier to communicate with others. 【2015-2016学年南京市鼓楼区九年级上学期期末】 LOS ANGELES - Kobe Bryant has decided to retire （退役）after this season, ending his 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers. The 37-year-old Bryant made the announcement in a post on November 29, 2015 on the The Players＇ Tribune on Sunday.  Bryant went straight from high school in suburban Philadelphia in 1996, and he got five championship rings and 17 All-Star selections during twenty years - the longest tenure（期限） with one team in NBA history. Bryant also won two Olympic gold medals. But Bryant＇s last three seasons have ended early because of getting hurt during the matches, and he played in only 41 games over the last two years. He has struggled bravely in the first 15 games of this season with mostly young teammates on a rebuilding base, making a career-worst 32 percent of his shots and dealing with pain and tiredness every day. In recent months, Bryant repeatedly said he didn＇t know whether he would play another season, clearly hoping for a getting better for his health and the Lakers＇ future. Neither has happened, and the ever-impatient Bryant didn＇t wait any longer to decide his future. The third-leading scorer in NBA history wrote a poem called “Dear Basketball” to announce his decision. “My heart can take the pounding. My mind can handle the grind. But my body knows it’s time to say goodbye.” “Kobe Bryant is one of the greatest players in the history of our game,” NBA Commissioner Adam Silver said. “Only 13 players in league history played on more championship teams than Bryant.” “And that’s OK.” Kobe wrote in his poem,” I’m ready to let you go. I want you to know now. So we both can savor（品味） every moment we have left together, the good or the bad. We have given each other all that we have.” Kobe Bryant------one of the greatest 76 players Personal information He 77 from a high school in Philadelphia in 1996 He is the only player who plays for the longest time with one team in NBA history. 78 He got five championship rings and 17 All-star selections during twenty years. He won two 79 gold medals. He was the 80 player in the league history who played on the most championship teams. Difficulties His last three seasons ended early because he got 81 during the matches. He made a career-worst of his shots because of his pain and 82 Neither his 83 nor Lakers’ fortunes got better in recent months. Feelings in his poem He had to say goodbye not because of his 84 and mind, but because of his body. He showed his deep 85 for the game